408 Notes, principally Geological, QNo. 162. 



which this transverse fissure occurs, commences a few miles South of 

 Kurnool, on the S. bank of the Tumbuddra on the N. W., and runs 

 Southerly through Dhone, and the Eastern borders of Banganpilly 

 and Gooty by Munimudgoo, whence the direction is S. Easterly by 

 Owk, W. of Ollavaconda, Juggernatgooda, the Timnainpetta tank, 

 and Jummulmudgoo, to the hamlet of Cullamulla, about thirteen miles 

 S. E. from Jummulmudgoo, and about fifteen miles from the fissure 

 of Gundicotta. 



The direct breadth of the range where intersected by the fissure is 

 about five miles, and its extreme height apparently not more than 

 600 feet ; the extreme height of the precipices on either side, ascertain- 

 ed trigonometrically, is not more than 250 feet, and often not more 

 than 80 feet. The general direction is E. by N., though in its course 

 through the hills it describes two salient and two re-entering angles. 

 The bottom of the fissure is flattish, and occupied completely by 

 the sandy bed of the Pennaur. The breadth is usually from 100 to 

 300 paces. 



In Hamilton's account, taken from Heyne, Rennell, &c, the Pass 

 of Gundicotta is described as a break or chasm in the mountains, 

 which " appears to have resulted from some violent concussion of na- 

 ture, as it is very narrow, and the opposite sides almost perpendi- 

 cular." Induced by this description to suppose that some interesting 

 dislocation of the strata on a large scale had taken place, I examined 

 narrowly the sides of the Pass. Entering it with the Pennaur from 

 the West, from the wide sandy waste caused by the confluence of the 

 Chittravutty river with the former stream, the sides of the opening 

 present steep slopes of sandstones thinly covered with a sandy soil 

 and scattered bushes, among which frolicked troops of gay monkies. 

 About the middle of the Pass, under the walls of the fortress of 

 Gundicotta, which crown the Southern cliffs, the sides are precipitous 

 masses of sandstone divided by fissures into vertical pinnacles, assi- 

 milating ruins, and which are occasionally undermined by the 

 force of the monsoon freshes and precipitated into the bed of the 

 river. 



The sandstone strata forming the precipices on each side exhibit no 

 marks of dislocation or violent disturbance. They dip at an angle 



