424 Notes, principally Geological, [No. 162. 



evident that they must have done so at some more ancient epoch dur- 

 ing the elevation of the Ghauts from the bed of the ocean. They pre- 

 sent alternately salient and re-entering angles, precisely similar to 

 those seen in the banks of a large river. 



Honore. The fort of Honore, or more correctly Honawar, stands 

 on high, flat- topped cliffs of laterite, the base of which is washed by the 

 embouchure of the Sarawati or Gairsuppa river, which here forms an 

 extensive back-water or lagoon, owing to its mouth being obstructed 

 by a bar of sand. The channel is said to have shifted within the last 

 fourteen years. 



The embouchure to the N. E. is protected by a small projecting 

 island. The river during the rains is navigable for native craft as far 

 as Chendawar. 



The remains of Tippoo's lines are still to be seen on the laterite 

 cliffs to the E. N. E. The public buildings, bungalows of the civilians 

 and military, occupy the top of the cliff on which the old fort stood, 

 and of which nothing but the foundations are now visible. 



The native town lies at the base of the cliffs, and contains between 

 five and six hundred houses, inhabited principally by Concany Brah- 

 mins, Haiga Brahmins, Mussulmans, native Christians, Halipaiks, 

 Gouras, and a few Jains. 



The staple produce is rice, cocoa-nut, and betel-nut. Salt fish is 

 exported in considerable quantity, and the Gurugars here are cele- 

 brated for their skill in carving the sandal- wood of the Ghauts into 

 work-boxes, card-cases, desks, &c. 



Honore was early a place of considerable traffic. The Portuguese 

 erected a fort here in 1505 a. d., and Hyder a dockyard, for the pur- 

 pose of building a navy. 



It is now a small civil and military station, subordinate to Manga- 

 lore, the head-quarters of the Collectorate of Canara. The tem- 

 perature of the river freshes here in the month of August, was 7&°. 

 Temperature of sea 76°. Of wells from 84 to 87°. The last, which 

 is that of a spring called Ram Thert, is possibly thermal? Tem- 

 perature of air in the shade at the time 81°. Off the mouth of the river 

 is a bold picturesque islet, said to abound in iron ore. 



On the bank of the river near its mouth and close to the water's 

 edge, I found some rounded fragments of a cream-coloured fossil lime- 



