18 Verification of the Itinerary of Hivan Thsang [July, 



of Pa-lu-sha (perhaps the Nieetta of General Court's map,) from 

 which to the N. E. at 50 li (8 or 9 miles) stood the temple of Pi-ma, 

 the wife of Iswara (Bhima, one of the many names of Durga, the consort 

 of Siva. The temple mnst have been close to the present Noshehra.) 

 Thence to the S. E. at 150 li (25 miles) was the town of U-to-kia- 

 hAn-cha, resting on the Indus to the S. with the city of Pho-lo-thu- 

 lo at 20 li (3 or 4 miles) to the N. W. (Taking the recorded distances 

 and bearings from Noshetra, and from Pho-lo-thu-lo, the present 

 ruins of Parthdwara or JBithor, the position of U-to-kia-han-cha, 

 must be looked for in the neighbourhood of Nildb, which agrees with 

 Hwang Thsang' s measurements in two of the best maps, those of Walker 

 and Mirza Mogal Beg. The present Attak was built by Akbar : and 

 it is besides to the N. of the ruins of Parthdwara, instead of to the S. E. 

 The name is usually derived from Attak, prevention ; and a silly story 

 is added that it is so named because the Hindus are forbidden to cross 

 the Indus. But the name of Attak belongs to the town aadnot to the 

 river ; and I believe that the word has a very different signification. If 

 the original name really was derived from ^f*i, artha, prevention, it must 

 have been given to the place from the natural obstacle which the rocks 

 here present to the passage of the river. But a preferable derivation 

 in my opinion would be from ^7T, ut, much, 71, trri, passing over, that 

 is, the place of much passage, or in other words the " chief ferry." The 

 Chinese syllables seem to point to Uttak and not to Attak, and I suggest 

 the above as the most probable derivation of U-to-kia-han-cha ; for 

 the modern name of Attok is, I believe, only one of Akbar' s numerous 

 alterations of names, manufactured to suit the frivolous meanings at- 

 tached to them by Musalmans.) 



From thence to the N. across mountainss and rivers, at GOO li (100 

 miles) 



No. 39 — U-chang-na, or " the Garden," capital Meng-ho-li, 

 (This has already been identified by Lassen with TJdydna or Ujjana, 

 which has the same signification. The position indicated agrees wi^h 

 the modern valley of Swat, of which the capital for many centuries past 

 has been Manglora ; no doubt the Meng-ho-li of Hwan Thsang. 

 This identification is rendered quite certain by the mention immediately 

 afterwards that at 250 or 260 li (40 to 43 miles) to the N. E. of the 

 capital, and on a high mountain, was situated the spring of A-pho-lq-lo, 



