20 Verification of the Itinerary of Hwang Thsang [July, 



the S. E. at 30 li (5 miles) was a monastery built by Asoka, called ac- 

 cording to Fa Hian, Chu-sha-shi-lo, signifying "tete coupee," (in 

 Sanskrit Chutyasira, Remusat.) — The king was named Chen-tha-lo- 

 po-la-pho, or "moonlight'* (a literal transcript of the Sanskrit Chandra- 

 prabha.) To the S. E. of the town was a Stupa built by Keu-lang- 

 nu, the son of Asoka. (I take this name to be a Chinese rendering of 

 Kuloka, which is a synonyme of Jaloka, the name of Asoka' s son, who 

 reigned over Kashmir. According to Wilford, one of Asoka' s sons was 

 named Kuldta, a name of precisely the same meaning as Jaloka and 

 Kuloka. Fa Hian mentions only two topes at this place. 1st, — that 

 of Chutyasira, where Buddha made an " offering of his head," beside 

 which was a Vihara or monastery of the same name — 2nd, that where 

 Buddha made an "offering of his body" to a hungry tiger. The latter 

 is probably that which is mentioned by Hwan Thsang as having been 

 built by Keu-lang-nu, the son of Asoka. There is no doubt however 

 that it is the great Manikyala tope which was opened by General Ventu- 

 ra ; for the small silver disc found in that tope bears a short inscription 

 of only two lines, of which the upper line reads f'AUjo Gomangasa, in 

 Sanskrit JJffil^, " of the abandoned body," from JI% guna, abandoning, 

 and ^T> angga> body. The great tope was therefore built upon the 

 spot where Buddha "abandoned his body" to a hungry tiger (abandon- 

 ne son corps ami tigre affame). — The smaller tope opened by General 

 Court also conj&ined an inscription which mentions " Kanishka, Maha- 

 raja of the Qwshang (tribe)." — It must therefore have been built either 

 by him or during hk reign, — It bears a date also, which I have not yet 

 been able to read.) 



Thence to the S. E. at 700 ^z (117 miles) across mountains (that is 

 over the Salt range) to 



No. 42 — Seng-ho-pu-lo, a dependency of Kashmir, bounded on the 

 west by the river Sindh or Indus. (Both distance and bearing bring 

 us to the position of Sanghela, between the Chenab and Ravi, which 

 Wilford identified with the Sangala of Arrian. I could hear nothing 

 of this place : but Sdgara or Jdngala, with a small natural jhil, or sheet 

 of water, was well known.) 



From Tan-cha-shi-lo, across the Sindh to the N. to some nameless 

 place, to the S. E. of which at 200 li (33 miles) was a great stone gate, 

 (probably Derbend, where the Indus breaks through the mountains.) 



