1848.] through Afghanistan and India. 23 



for mere accident. If there should be no mistake in the bearing I 

 would propose the capital of Katoch or Katochin as the representative 

 of Chi-na-pu-ti, and the fort of Kangra as the domain of Kanishka. 

 In fact we know from Abu Rihan that Nagar-kot belonged to the de- 

 scendants of Kanik or Kanishka ; and it is possible that the name of 

 Kangra may in this case be only a corruption of Kanishka-garha, or 

 Kanik-garha. According to the Mogal author Sanang-setsen, Kanika 

 was king of Gachu or Gachi (Foe-kue-ki, 248, N.) ; in which name I 

 think I can recognize the Katoch or Katochin of the present day, 

 Jalandhara is particularly mentioned as being in the kingdom of 

 Gachu : and an inscription now existing in the city of Kangra calls the 

 kingdom Gachchhe-Raj . Perhaps the Gaj river, which flows through 

 the Kangra district, may also have a reference to the same name.) 



To the S. E. of the great town (Thse-kia) at 700 li (117 miles) was 

 the monastery of Tha-mosu-fa-na, "foret obscure." (This is a 

 transcript of the Sanskrit tamasa-vana, " dark jangal." The distance 

 and bearing bring us to the neighbourhood of Sultanpur and Dakhani 

 Serai in the Jalandhar Doab ; to the W. of which places the whole 

 country is covered with a dense jangal.) 



Thence to the N. E. at 140 or 150 li (23 to 25 miles) to 



No. 49 — Che-lan-tha-lo, formerly Brahmanical. (This is un- 

 doubtedly the well known city of Jalandhara, one of the oldest places 

 in India*. It is the Ku or Zulindrine of Ptolemy.) 



Thence to the N. W. across precipitous mountains at 700 li (117 

 miles) to 



No. 50 — Khiu-lu-to, the boundary of India on the north, surround- 

 ed by mountains, and close to the snowy mountains. (Both distance 

 and bearing point to the modern district of Kidu on the upper Byas 

 river, which agrees precisely with Hwan Thsang's description, as the 

 whole district is surrounded by mountains, and the ancient capital of 

 Nagar or Makarsa is not more than 20 miles from the perpetual 

 snow.) 



Thence to the N. over the mountains at 2000 li (333 miles) was the 

 kingdom of Mo-lo-pho or San-pho-ho. (This is most probably the 

 kingdom of Great Tibet on the Sanpu river : in which case the bearing- 

 should be east and not north. As Hwang Thsang does -not appear to 

 have visited this place the error in the direction is pardonable.) 



