1848.] through Afghanistan and India. 27 



Thence to the S. E. at 200 li (33 miles) to 



N 0< 6i — Kiei-pi-tha, anciently Seng-kia-she, 2000 U (333 miles) 

 in extent. To the E. of the town at 20 li (ahout 3} miles) was a great 

 Stupa. (Seng-kia-she has been identified by Remusat with the Sam- 

 kassa of the Pali works : but the position of this old and celebrated 

 place was first pointed out by me. Its ruins, on the E. bank of the 

 Kali-nadi, near Aghat-Serai, are still known by the name of Samkissa.) 



Thence to the N. W. at somewhat less than 200 li (about 33 miles) 

 to 



No. 62 — Ko-jo-kiu-che, Kanyakubja or Kanoj, — Landresse. This 

 city was also called Kusumapura or Flower-town. The king of the 

 race of Fei-she (or Vaisya) was named Kq-li-shi-fa-tan-na, "accru 

 en joie." (This is a transcript of the Sanskrit ^WTO^*!", Kalyana- 

 sphutana, "increase of pleasure or happiness." As this king was a 

 Vaisya, Hwan^Fhsang must have visited Kanoj prior to the conquest of 

 the Rathor Rajputs in about A. D. 700.) To the N. W. of the town 

 was a Stupa built by Asoka, and to the S. E. at 100 li (16 or 17 miles), 

 on the bank of the Ganges, was the town of Na-fo-thi-po-kiu-lo. 

 (This agrees both in bearing and distance with the position of Nanamow 

 on the Ganges. The Chinese syllables appear to be intended for Nava- 

 dhipokara, or Navadhipush/cara, the " new-chief- tank." In Nanamow 

 we have perhaps the first half of the name still preserved in a corrupted 

 form, the latter half being changed.) 



From Kanoj to the S. E. at 600 li (100 miles) across the Ganges, 

 and then to the S. 



No. 63 — A-iu-tho, Oudh, Landresse ; — 5000 li (833 miles) in ex- 

 tent. To the N. of the town at 4 or 5 li (about § of a mile) was a 

 great monastery built by Asoka ; and to the W. of this was a Stupa 

 built over the nails and hair .of Tathdgata. To the N. W. of the town 

 at 40 li (nearly 7 miles) and to the N. of the Ganges, was a temple of 

 A-seng-kia Bodhisatwa (in Sanskrit, Asankhya). (The distance and 

 bearing bring us to the banks of the Ganges below Cawnpore, and close 

 to Najafgarh. In this position there is the celebrated temple of Nconu, 

 a few miles from the Ganges ; and on the E. bank of the river between 

 Cawnpore and Najafgarh, there is also a much frequented place of pil- 

 grimage, of which I have unfortunately forgotten the name.) 



Thence to the E. at 300 li (50 miles) crossing to the N. bank of the 

 Ganges, to 



