52 Verification of the Itinerary of Hwan Thsang [July, 



Thence to the N. E. at 300 li (50 miles) to 



No. 116— A-pan-chha, 2400 to 2500 li (400 to 417 miles) in extent. 

 Without a king, being a dependency of Sind. Stupa built by Asoka. 

 (Judging by the bearing and distance the place intended must be the 

 celebrated Brahmandbdd, which was rebuilt as Mansura. It is the 

 " Brahman city" of the historians of Alexander, and the Harmatelia 

 of Diodorus, which I believe to be derived from the Sanskrit Brahmas- 

 thala, in its spoken form of Brahmathala. The Chinese syllables would 

 however appear to bear some resemblance to Uchha or Uch ; but that 

 town is more than 300 miles distant.) 



Thence to the N. E. at 900 li (150 miles) to 



No. 117 — Fa-la-nu, 4000 li (667 miles) in extent. It is a depen- 

 dency of Kia-pi-she (or Kapisa, now Kushdn.) The language has a 

 slight analogy with that of central India. It is said that on the west- 

 ward amongst the mountains it stretches to Ki-khiang-na. (Hwan 

 Thsang has now crossed the frontier of Sindh, and entered the territory 

 dependent on Kapisa or Kushdn. His bearing must therefore be wrong 

 as well as his distance ; for by following them we only reach the neigh- 

 borhood of Aror, the capital of Sindh. But by comparing his further 

 progress towards Kapisa, and by taking his distances and bearings from 

 that place, together with the name of the district itself, it seems most 

 probable that the country around the Boldn Pass must be intended. 

 The Chinese syllables are indeed a faithful transcript of Bolan ; and 

 although the distance is just double that recorded by Hwan Thsang, 

 yet the fact that the pilgrim was proceeding from Sindh to Kabul 

 almost proves the correctness of my identification, as the Bolan Pass 

 was the nearest route that he could have followed. But when joined to 

 the absolute identity of name, I think there can scarcely be a doubt as 

 to the correctness of the identification.) 



Thence to the N. W. across great mountains and large streams, and 

 past several small towns at 2000 li (333 miles) on the frontier of India, 

 to 



No. 118 — Tsao-kiu-tho, 7000 li (1167 miles) in extent. Language 

 and letters peculiar. Stupas built by Asoka. Temple of the God 

 Tsu-na, who came from Mount A-lu-nas (Aruna y the "red,") near 

 Kapisa. (Taking the next recorded bearing and distance from Hu- 

 phi-na or Hupian, Tsao-kiu-tho must be the district of Arachosia 



