1848.] through Afghanistan and India. 53 



on the Arachotus river. The Chinese syllables indeed seem to point to 

 this name. The old capital of Arachotus or Alexandropolis, was situat- 

 ed on the Arachotus river ; but its distance from Hupian is much too 

 great. Ghazni would appear rather to have been the capital visited by 

 Hwan Thsang, as it lies on the high road to Kabul.) 



Thence to the N. at 500 li (83 miles) to 



No. 119 — Foe-li-shi-sa-tang-na, 2000 li (333 miles) from E. to 

 W., and 1000 li (167 miles) from N. to S. The capital is called Hu- 

 phina. The king, of the race of Thu-kiuei (or Turk, Landresse) is at- 

 tached to the Three Precious Ones. (The Chinese syllables represent 

 Parashasthdna, the modern Panjhir or Panjshir valley, where Ptolemy 

 places the Parsii and their two towns Parsia and Parsiana. The 

 capital is undoubtedly the present Hupian near Charikar, which was 

 the position of the celebrated Alexandria ad Caucasum, called by 

 Stephen of Byzantium, Alexandria Opiane. I have discussed this sub- 

 ject in my article upon Ariano- Grecian Monograms published in the 

 Numismatic chronicle of London.) 



Thence to the N. E. over mountains and rivers, and passing by ten 

 small towns, to the frontier of Kapisa, one reaches the great snowy 

 mountains, and the Pho-lo-si-na chain. This is the highest peak of 

 Jambu-dwipa. From thence a descent of three days to 



No. 120 — An-tha-la-fo, the ancient country of the Tu-ho-lo (or 

 (Tochari), 3000 li (500 miles) in extent. Without a king, being tri- 

 butary to the Turks. (This place has already been identified by Pro- 

 fessor Lassen with Anderab to the N. of the Hindu Kush. The Pho- 

 lo-si-na chain is clearly the Paropainsus of the Greeks, called 

 Parnessus by Dionysius Periegesis. That Hwan Thsang' s appellation 

 is the correct one is proved by the Zend name of Mount Aprasin, 

 which is accurately preserved in the Parrhasini of Pliny, and in the 

 Parrhasii of Strabo and Solinus. The celebrated Greek name of 

 Parnassus appears to have been only a fond alteration of the true name 

 by the soldiers of Alexander's army in remembrance of their own 

 famous mountain.) 



Thence to the N. W. through vallies and over hills and past many 

 small towns at- 400 li (67 miles) to 



No. 121 — Huo-si-to, ancient country of the Tochari, 3000 & (500 

 miles) in extent. Without a king, being tributary to the Turks. 



