60 Chinese Map of India. [July, 



by the people as mediators with the Musalman Conquerer. The state- 

 ments of Kalhana are perhaps more interesting though not more deci- 

 sive ; for they show that Buddhism continued to be honored by kings 

 and ministers until the middle of the 10th century, at which time the 

 Buddhists were persecuted by Kshema-Gupta. It is true that several 

 of the Kashmirian Princes also erected fanes to Siva and other Brah- 

 manical deities. But this proves no more than that Brdhmanism and 

 Buddhism were both flourishing together in Kashmir at the same time. 

 Perhaps these Princes had the same feeling upon the subject of religion 

 as the Frenchman, immortalized by Smollet, who made his obeisance to 

 the statue of Jupiter in St. Peter's at Rome, saying, " O Jupiter, if ever 

 you get the upper hand again, remember that I paid my respects to you 

 in your adversity." Even so the Kashmirian Rajas appear to have 

 halted between two opinions, and to have erected temples and statues 

 of both religions, in the hope that one of the two must be right. 



Chinese Map of India. 



As an appropriate accompaniment of Capt. Cunningham's interesting 

 paper on the route of Hwan thsang, the Editors insert the annexed 

 Chinese Map of India, originally copied by M. Klaproth from the Great 

 Japanese Encyclopedia for the illustration of the Foe koue ki. Al- 

 though in some particulars it differs from the narratives of Hwan 

 thsang and Shy fa hian, being the compilation of some unknown Chi- 

 nese geographer, who probably gathered his materials from many and 

 conflicting accounts, it will be found both useful and interesting at a 

 time when public attention is directed to China for the most authentic 

 particulars of the early history of this country. 



One of the principal difficulties in identifying the routes of these tra- 

 vellers arises from the uncertain length of their metrical standard the 

 li, which has been variously estimated at from |th to \ a mile. Nor is 

 this difficulty altogether removed when the Indian measure, or yojana, is 

 employed. For though it is probable that in ancient times the princi- 

 pal high-roads were accurately measured, yet the length of the yojana 

 seems to have varied in different parts of India precisely as we find the 



