1848.] Chinese Map of India . 6 1 



Zeros (of which it is a multiple) to vary at the present day. Thus, Cap- 

 tain Cunningham hy comparing the distances of well identified positions 

 in the north-western parts of India, has determined the length of the 

 yojana to be there about 7 English miles : but on applying this stand- 

 ard to Fa hian's distances in Magadha, it will be found by nearly half too 

 great. For if we protract that traveller's route from She wei (Oude) 

 to Pa lianfou (Patna), and assume 7 miles for the length of the yojana, 

 we shall place the site of the latter town somewhere in the neighbourhood 

 of Burdwan. But if we determine the value of the yojana in Magadha 

 in the same way as Capt. C. has done in the north-west, that is from 

 the actual distances of well determined positions, we shall find it not 

 greatly to exceed 4 or 4J miles ; a value which corresponds well with 

 all Fa hian's distances in Behar, and facilitates the identification of all 

 his stages from Oude downwards. Thus the direct distance from She 

 wei to Kiu i na hie, is by protraction, 30 yojanas ; measured on Arrow- 

 smith's map (Oude to the banks of the Gandak), 120 miles ; — from 

 Patna to Giriyek, 9 yojanas according to Fa hian, or 40 miles on the 

 map ; — from Giriyek to Kia ye (which by the way, is neither modem 

 Gaya nor Bauddha Gaya, but an ancient town* near Barabar), is a 

 little less than 4 yojanas or 27 miles, bringing us exactly to the banks of 

 the Falgo ; and so on. 



That this valuation of the yojana is founded upon a true and ancient 

 Indian standard may be inferred from the following remarks of Wilford, 

 After quoting Pliny's account of the distance of Palibothra from the 

 confluence of the Ganges and Jamna, he remarks that " Megasthenes 

 says the high ways in India were measured, and that at the end of a 

 certain Indian measure (which is not named, but is said to be equal to 

 ten stadia), there was a cippus or sort of column erected. No Indian 

 measure answers to this but the brahmani or astronomical kos of four 

 to a yojana. This is the Hindu statute koss, and equal to 1.227 British 

 miles. It is used by astronomers and by the inhabitants of the Punjab ; 

 hence it is very often called the Punjabi koss ; thus the distance from 

 Lahor to Multan is reckoned to this day 145 Punjabi, or 90 common 

 koss."f It is worthy of remark that the length of the yojana in 



* Ram Gaya ? may we commend the investigation of this point to Capt. Kittoe, whose 

 intimate acquaintance with that neighbourhood points him out as best qualified for the 

 task i t As. Res. Vol. V. p. 274. 



