112 Narrative of a Joiwney to Clio Lagan, fyc. [July, 



absolutely ignorant, even of the names of the Dhuras,* their traffic 

 lying almost exclusively with Pruang via the Lipu Pass, which is a 

 more convenient route for all the lower villages. 



Thermometer at sunset 56° ; clouds and a little rain at night. 



24th September. — Thermometer at sunrise 47° (water the same 

 temperature) ; weather fair. 



The Bhotias being rather dilatory in mustering one or two requisites 

 that I want for the Passes and Hundes, I have to halt this day. 



In the morning I paid a visit to Changrew, up a steep hill, which 

 forms a sort of elevated terrace at the foot of the great rocky moun- 

 tain Kelirong, within the angle made by the confluence of the Tinkar 

 with the Kali. The acclivity is clothed with Pine, Juniper, Dogrose, 

 &c. &c. Changrew is much the same sort of village as Garbia ; its 

 elevation, according to yesterday's estimate (500 feet above my camp 

 on the river bank) 10,500 feet; it is unfortunately situated on the top 

 of very unsafe ground, which is gradually descending by a huge land- 

 slip into the bed of the Tinkar, every year carrying away some yards 

 of the village lands. The Tinkar below, is a good sized stream, at this 

 time of year requiring a sanga for the ( passage of it. Six or seven 

 miles up this river, and under Kelirong, is the village of Tinkar, 

 and beyond that a pass of the same name (here at least, — the Dhura 

 probably has a proper name of its own), which communicates with 

 Jidikhar, one of the villages (and as the " Khar" imports, once a fort) 

 of Pruang, on the Karnali, a few miles below Taklakhar. A mile or 

 so above its termination in the Kali the Tinkar receives a tributary of 

 some size, the Nampa-gar, which comes from the East and South- 

 East out of two glaciers, the Southern one visible from Changrew, at 

 the base of the snowy mountains Nampa and Api. Changrew and Tin- 

 kar belong geographically to Byans, and are inhabited by Bhotias, the 

 same in every respect as the other Byansis, and sharing in the traffic 

 with Pruang by the Lipu Pass. It was a mistake leaving this little 

 valley to the Gorkhas, when the rest of the district was brought under 

 British rule ; the true frontier line was the range of snowy mountains 

 on the East, Tinkar, Nampa, and Api, on the other side of which lies 

 the district of Manna, the northernmost division of Doti, and the inha- 

 bitants of which, like those of Dung, next south, are Khasia and not 

 * Dhura— a high mounlain-pass. 



