144 Narrative of a Journey to Cho Lagan, fyc. [Aug. 



a few miles receives another stream, the Gunda-Yankti, rising from 

 the Darma Himalaya, after which the united river takes the name of 

 Chu-garh (?) (or Chu-gak ?), and lower down receives another tribu- 

 tary that springs from high ground near Ligchepu, a day south of 

 Kyunglung, on the Chirchun road. It thence runs nearly parallel to 

 the course of the Sutlej, but in a contrary direction (viz. from west to 

 east), from which circumstance it derives its name Biphu-kula, Biphu 

 signifying contrary. This Biphu-kula, I believe, before entering the 

 Chugarh, -receives the Chunagu, a stream which rises from the north- 

 ern foot of the Darma Himalaya, a few miles west of the Gunda-Yankti, 

 and flows nearly parallel to it past Gumpachin, which is half way 

 between Chirchun and Kyunglung, and a short journey south of 

 Ligchepu. One of the sources of the Indus half way between Misar 

 and Gartokh bears the same name, Biphu-kula, apparently for the 

 same reason, that its course is opposite to that of the sources of the 

 Sutlej, which flow southward from the other side of the same height. 

 The Chugarh falls into the Tirthapuri branch of the Sutlej, half way 

 between Kyunglung and Tirthapuri. Moorcroft noticed the debouch- 

 ment east from the route on the opposite bank of the Sutlej, (15th 

 August, 1812) but erroneously supposed the stream to come from 

 Hakas Tal, and Hearsay's map has made the same mistake, inconsis- 

 tently with Moorcroft' s own previous observation at Tirthapuri, (31st 

 July,) to the effect that the Tirthapuri branch of the river came from 

 Rakas Tal, which it does to some partial extent. 



In the low plain to the north-eastward, 10 or 12 miles off, rises a 

 small isolated hill, on the top of which was once a fort, called Nima- 

 Khar ; Bhotias call it, Gyanima ; there is no village or fixed habi- 

 tation here, but a considerable resort in the summer for the salt and 

 grain traffic of the Bhotias from Darma and western Byans ; it lies 

 in the road from Pruang to Gugi, and one way to Gartokh, and on the 

 road from Chirchun to Gangri. They say that the Sikhs had a fight 

 with the Hunias somewhere hereabouts. Immediately beyond Gyanima 

 a long narrow sheet of water is visible ; it is a sort of lake receiving the 

 drainage of the low plain and the adjacent hill, on the east, and giving 

 off its surplus water occasionally into the Chugarh westward. Beyond 

 this again rises a range of hills concealing the bed of the Tirthapuri 

 Sutlej. Gyanima belongs to Kyunglung. Wild geese and ducks breed 



