1848.] Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. 265 



of my proposed restoration of the roofs of these detached buildings. The 

 connexion was formed by the prolongation of the entablature of the wings 

 over the intervening passages to the walls of the entrance-chamber. A 

 similar connexion of a detached pillar with a building may be seen in 

 the view of the Avantiswami temple, Plate XIX. Vigne is however 

 undoubtedly wrong when he says that these wings appear to have been 

 a mass of solid masonry, for a reference to Plate IX. will show that 

 each of them contained two chambers, which were most probably des- 

 tined for the reception of the Saiva emblems called Ranesa and Atnrites- 

 wara. 



14. — As the main building is at present entirely uncovered, and as 

 the upper portions of the detached buildings have long since disappear- 

 ed, the original form of roof can only be determined by a reference to 

 other temples, and to the general form and character of the various 

 parts of the Marttand temple itself. In Plate XIV. I have restored the 

 roof of the principal building by continuing the pedimental mouldings 

 of the porch upwards until they meet at G. The horizontal denticulated 

 member R. S. is borrowed from the temple of Payach, and from the 

 little temple which crowns the Srinagar column in Plate VI. The inter- 

 position of this member is fully authorized by its occurrence in all the 

 pedimental niches of the interior of Marttand, as well as in those of the 

 recesses of the colonnade as shown in Plates XIV and XV. The angle of 

 the roof itself was obtained by making the sides of the pyramid parallel 

 to the sides of the doorway pediment ; a rule which I deduced from 

 the same treatment being observed in the interior niches of Mart- 

 tand itself, as well as in the roofs of the Payach and Pandrethan tem- 

 ples. The same rule is also followed in the niches of the great temple 

 at Pathan, and with the small temples in the Barahmula Pass. The 

 denticulated member H. K. is inserted for the same reasons as are giv- 

 en above for the pediments of the porch. The crowning pinnacle, or 

 Kalasa, F, is added on the authority of the Payach temple ; and lastly^ 

 the small projecting pedimental niches G. L. and M, are taken from 

 the Payach temple and from the small Srinagar column in Plate VI. 



15. — Now it is remarkable that the total height of the temple, E. F„ 

 thus obtained, is exactly equal to twice its width, C. D : for this propor- 

 tion would seem to have been the favorite and most usual practice (if 

 indeed it was not the invariable rule) followed by the Kashmirian archi- 



2 p 



