1848.] Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. 271 



that which has been assigned to the corner buildings, and covered by a 

 similar pyramidal roof. The height of the roof, in this case, is deter- 

 mined by making the sides of the pyramid parallel to those of the 

 pediment over the doorway of the intervening recess. In Plate XV. I 

 have given a restored elevation of this porch, with the adjoining parts 

 of the peristyle, from which it will be seen that the total height of the 

 building CD; thus obtained, is exactly twice its width A. B. As the 

 same proportion is observed in the height of the recessed doorway, 

 where G. H.=2 E. F, and also in the temples of Payach and Pand- 

 rethan, as well as in Marttand itself, there can be little doubt that the 

 general disposition of my proposed restoration is nearly correct. 



27. — Both Vigne and Professor Willis (on Vigne's authority) have 

 taken these central porticos for side gateways ; but a reference to my 

 plan in Plate XIII. will show that the square-topped doorway leads 

 only to a small-chambered recess, similar to those between the other 

 pairs of pillars. There are, however, two flank entrances to the quad- 

 rangle, one on each side, between the second pair of pillars to the west- 

 ward of the central porches. These I suppose to have been closed by 

 ornamental wooden doors. 



28. — The quadrangle itself contained seventy round fluted pillars, 

 and ten square parallel pillars, which with the four pillars of the central 

 porches, make up the number of 84, that was sacred to the sun. Of 

 these about one half, all more or less imperfect, now remain standing, 

 as shown in Plate XIII. Each pillar was 9y feet in height, and 21^ 

 inches in diameter, with an intercolumniation of 6 feet 9^ inches. 

 Immediately behind each column, there was a square pilaster, one fourth 

 engaged, appropriately called Kudyastambha or "wall pillars" by the 

 Hindus. This peristyle is of the class called peripteral by the Greeks, 

 as the pilasters were exactly one diameter distant from the pillars. Be- 

 tween every pair of these pillars there was a deep recess with a trefoil- 

 headed arch, covered by a pediment, and supported upon small pilasters, 

 or rather upon half-engaged pillars. The imposts were surmounted by 

 human-headed birds facing each other ; and a similar bird looking to 

 the front, ornamented the horizontal mouldings of the pediments. Each 

 pillar was connected with its pilaster, and with the main wall by a trans- 

 verse stone beam, which being broader at top than at bottom, bore the 

 appearance of an upper capital to the pillar. In my elevation, Plate 



