290 Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. [Sept. 



Lava bestowed Levdra of Ledari upon a body of Brahmans. Now this 

 name of Ledari must surely be the original of Vigne's Lidar and Lidar- 

 pur. We may therefore, perhaps consider Ledari as a place consecrated 

 to religion, so early as the reign of Raja Lava, who was a contemporary 

 of Darius Hystaspes. But I do not suppose that either of the temples 

 can be so old : for their style, according to Vigne's description,, is simi- 

 lar to that of Marttand and of other temples of a much later age, 

 while it has nothing whatever in common with the undoubtedly ancient 

 temple of Jyeshteswara on the Takht-i Suliman. 



XL — Temples at Kakapur. 



1 . — Both Wilson and Troyer have identified Kak&pur and Gaumoha. 

 with the Khagi and Khuna-musha of the Raja Tarangini, which are said, 

 to have been bestowed upon the Brahmans by Raja Khagendra, who 

 was the grandson of Lava, and, therefore, a contemporary of Artaxerxes 

 Longimanus. I agree with the former of these identifications : but 

 there is no such place as Gaumoha ; for the representative of Khuna- 

 musha is the modern Khunamoh ^ir^T^r, which is situated at the foot 

 of the hills at 3 miles to the N. N. E. of Pampur. 



2. — Vigne* dismisses the ruins of Kakapur in a few words — "At 

 Kakapur, a village under the Karewah, or elevated plain of Pampur, is 

 an old ruined temple, but scarcely worth visiting after Marttand." As 

 the name is spelt Kakapur in Vigne's map and is so quoted by Thornton, 

 it strikes me that this must have been the name which Vigne noted 

 down whilst in Kashmir, and that the new spelling of Kdkurpur, origi- 

 nated afterwards from a desire to derive the name of the place from 

 one of the Afghan tribe of Kakar. 



3. — These ruins are not at present of much interest ; but as the larger 

 temple is hidden by rubbish as high as the frieze of the interior, it is 

 possible that an excavation might bring to light as fine an edifice as any 

 now existing, and perhaps a much more perfect one : as the exposed 

 frieze of the southern wall is even now in very fair preservation. A part 

 of the gateway of this temple is still standing to the westward ; and as I 

 was afterwards informed, some pillars of its surrounding quadrangle yet 

 exist in a neighbouring Musalman shrine or astdn. This is the astdnu 



* Kashmir, vol. 2 — p. 31. 



