1848.] Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. 291 



of Vigne, for the Mahomedans are unable to pronounce any double con- 

 sonant of which s is the first letter. Thus our names of Smith and 

 Sturt become e-Smith and e-Sturt. 



4. — Near this upon the bank of a canal there is the basement of a 

 second Hindu temple with a flight of steps leading down towards the 

 water : but I could discover no portions either of its superstructure or 

 of its surrounding walls. 



5. — It is admitted above, that the town of Khdgi-pura, or Khagen- 

 drapura, now called Kakapur, was founded by Raja Khagendra, who 

 lived in the 5th century before Christ. But the temples are, undoubted- 

 ly, of a much later date, as we know that the pillared quadrangle could 

 not have been introduced until at least one thousand years after his 

 time. The frieze also appeared to me to bear a very striking resem- 

 blance in style to that of Marttand. With these indications, we may 

 not, perhaps, be far wrong in assigning the erection of this temple to 

 about the same period as that of Marttand, or even somewhat later, say 

 about 600, for the pillared quadrangle of Marttand itself, which is the 

 earliest authenticated example, was not erected until A. D. 700 



XII. — Temple near Barahmula. 



1. — "Most of the ruins in the Barahmula Pass" says Vigne,* "are 

 well worth visiting. The top of the oldest of these, on the right bank 

 of the river, has been a small but perfect pyramid, is surrounded by 

 water, and has quite preserved its shape." Hugelf also notices this 

 building in the following terms. " About two miles from Barahmula, 

 there is a Buddhist temple in ruins in a small tank. I judged it to be 

 most probably [of the same age asf] that of Pandrethan." 



2. — When I passed along this road the whole country was covered 

 with snow, which must have filled the tank, and have hidden the tem- 

 ple, for I never observed any object that bore the slightest resemblance 

 to a temple, although I was on the look out for it. It is still more 

 curious, that this temple twice escaped the observation of Moorcroft and 

 Trebeck, who twice travelled the road between Barahmula and Gingal, 

 and in the month of August when there was no snow upon the ground. 



* Kashmir, vol. 1— p. 406. f English transl. p. 173. 



% 1 have supplied the words included between the brackets, as the sense is incom- 

 plete without them. 



2 s 2 



