1848.] Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. 293 



the river front the wing walls of the entrance flight of steps still remain, 

 and the greater part of the basement is quite perfect. There is also 

 a considerable portion of the superstructure still standing, about 10 feet 

 in height. 



4. — The last building, which "Vigne dignifies with the name of a fort, 

 is only a large square room, of which three sides are still standing upon 

 a mound of rubbish. The total height varies from 20 to 25 feet, I pre- 

 sume that it was only a dwelling house, built by the headman of the 

 neighbouring village, out of the ruins of the adjacent Hindu temple. 



XIV. — Temple at Bhaniydr. 



1. — In Kashmirian, Takri ; this name is written ^fl^T, Bhawa- 

 niyar, which would seem to prove, that the temple must have been 

 dedicated to the goddess Bhawani, the wife of Siva. It is situated 

 on the left bank of the Behat, at If mile beyond the fortlets of Athari, 

 Sankargarh and Noshehra. Hugel* simply describes it as a " Buddhist 

 temple in good preservation." Its name, however, completely refutes 

 this opinion of its Buddhistical destination. Vignef dismisses it quite 

 as briefly, as "an old Hindu ruin by the path side." — It appeared to 

 me to be the most perfect of all the temples that I had seen ; and I 

 should certainly have visited it, had I not been prevented by the con- 

 tinued fall of snow, which had almost closed the road, and had more 

 than half concealed the temple. The gateway and surrounding walls 

 are still standing, but the former, which is of the same style as those 

 in the valley, is without roof. A portion of the temple roof still re- 

 mains ; but the whole work is without ornament, and is altogether 

 much inferior to the great temples of Marttand and Avantipura. Owing 

 to the number and thickness of the trees, which filled the interior, I was 

 unable to discover, even with a good telescope, whether there was a 

 colonnade around the inside of the enclosing wall, or not. The outside 

 of the quadrangle, however, is ornamented by numerous trefoil-headed 

 recesses, similar to those of the Marttand peristyle. Both of these 

 must have escaped the observation of Vigne, as he states, X that " there 



* English translation, p. 174. 

 f Kashmir, vol. 2 — p. 176. 

 X Kashmir, vol. 1— p. 391. 



