1848.] Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. 295 



proceed to an examination and comparison of their different details one 

 with another, and with the rules laid down by the architects of Greece 

 and India. But before noticing the different parts and various details 

 of these buildings, I will first enumerate the Sanskrit names of the 

 principal mouldings which are used in the Kashmirian architecture. 



XVI. — Kashmirian Mouldings. 



Abacus, ^tJT, uttara, the "uppermost." This name is used for 

 every superior member, of whatever shape it may be. 



Annulet, xff^r, Pattaka, a "bandlet." This occurs in all subor- 

 dinate positions, both above and below the principal mouldings. 



Apaphyge 7 , WT, Prastara, the "spreader." This name is given 

 to any overhanging moulding. It occurs in the Marttand and Avanti- 

 pura capitals, as well as in those of Pampur and Srinagar. In the 

 latter, however, it is straight. 



Astragal, ^3?^% Khsudra-padma, the "little-lotus," is used irt 

 both of the Marttand pillars, as the lowest member of the capital. 



Dado or Face, 3T^r, Gala or "neck." It occurs in every base, both 

 of pillar and building. 



Epitrachelium, ^ffeJI^g", Adhigaltty or "above-neck" is used as its- 

 name implies. 



Fillet, *Tf > Patta, " a band." This moulding is sometimes used 

 independently as in the Payach basememt, immediately above the 

 quirked ovolo. When it is placed in the middle of the torus, which is 

 its most usual position in these mouldings, it is called ^fT%lP«r, A'lin- 

 gana, the " embracer," because it embraces the member to which it 

 is attached. 



Filleted-torus, ^m^in^TS*, Kmnuda-patta-bdndha, the "lotus- 

 fillet-bound." This is the upper member of several basements : it is 

 also used in the base of the Marttand and Pampur pillars. 



Hypotrachelium, ^^fJi^r, Upagala, or "beneath neck," is used in 

 the position indicated by its name. 



Plinth, ^qiw, Updna, the "undermost," is the lowest member 

 both in bases and in basements. 



Quirked Ovolo, *TU, Padma, the " Lotus," — or ^rrem:, Anddhir, 

 the "egg-shaped." The Padma is used for any double curve, such as 



