1848.] Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. 305 



however in this entablature which is particularly worthy of remark ; 

 namely, that the corner recess is a square-headed trefoil, instead of being 

 round like the others. I notice this fact the more prominently as 

 Professor Willis has suggested that such was probably the original form 

 of the trefoil. Its occurrence in a corner position is in perfect keeping 

 with the treatment followed with the corner columns which are likewise 

 made square instead of round. 



7. — The last entablature is that of the temple of Pandrethan. See 

 Plate XXII. It is exactly the same as that of Payach but with the 

 addition of a good-sized plain architrave beneath the fillets of the denti- 

 culated moulding. This specimen confirms the truth of what I before 

 observed, that the height of the entablature appears to be increased in 

 each successive building. Thus in the present example the height is 

 equal to one fourth more than the width of the supporting pilasters. 

 This superior height and apparent stability may have been given solely 

 on account of the extra size of this particular roof, which projects con- 

 siderably beyond the walls of the building. 



XXIII.— Roofs. 

 1. — All the existing roofs of the Kashmirian temples are of pyra- 

 midal shape. In Sanskrit this form is called sihhara fy^X, which 

 means a peak of any kind as well as a pyramid. Throughout India 

 generally the same form is also observed ; but the sides of the roof 

 usually swell out considerably into a kind of paraboloidal pyramid, 

 unlike those of Kashmir, of which the sides are invariably straight. 

 The same style of wooden roof is still common in the valley, but it 

 is seldom of so high a pitch. In most of the temple roofs, as at 

 Bhaumajo and at Payach, the pyramid is broken into two equal por- 

 tions, which are divided by a broad moulding. The Pandrethan roof 

 however was probably divided into three portions ; and in the little 

 temple which crowns the Srinagar column we have an example of a 

 four-storied roof. This number of breaks on stories in the roof as- 

 similates the Kashmirian style very closely to that of the Chinese ; 

 and this similarity is still farther increased almost to identity in the 

 wooden roofs, which have also four stories. In these the ends of the 

 corner beams are usually finished off with alligators' heads, somewhat 

 raised above the bottom line of the sloping planks of the roof, and 



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