308 Essay on the Arian Order of Architecture. [Sept. 



mens, is unbroken. In that of the little Srinagar column, and most 

 probably also in that of Marttand, the pediment was divided into two 

 distinct parts by horizontal returns of its mouldings, the same as in the 

 pyramidal roofs of Payach and Pandrethan. 



3. — A third point of difference lies in the projection which is more 

 or less bold in the several temples, apparently according to their rela- 

 tive antiquity. Thus the portico of the ancient Bhaumajo is flush with 

 the pilasters of the temple ; whilst in the modern examples of Pandre- 

 than and of Pathan, the portico is advanced 2 feet and 3 feet respec- 

 tively beyond the main pilasters. In the intermediate examples the 

 projection varies from a few inches in the Payach and Marttand porticos 

 to 1^ foot in those of Avantipura. 



XXVI.— Wings. 

 1. — In Sanskrit all side buildings are called paksha xrw, or "wings," 

 and pakshdla ^r^T^f, or "side-temples." The small buildings attached 

 to Marttand are the only examples of this kind now existing in Kash- 

 mir. I cannot therefore presume to deduce any rules from a single 

 specimen; but I may be permitted to notice a few of its leading features. 

 For instance, the exterior dimensions of the Marttand wings are made 

 exactly the same as those of the principal interior chamber. Again, the 

 width of the wing is equal to one half of that of the entrance end of the 

 temple, and its length is equal to one half of that of the other. Some 

 of these proportions can scarcely be accidental ; but nothing further can 

 be deduced from them than that the dimensions of the wings would 

 appear to have been about one half of those of the temples. 



XXVII. — Gateways. 

 1 . — The gateways of the Hindus have different names according to 

 the class of buildings to which they are attached. Thus a royal gate is 

 called dwdra-harmmya "^TT^ET, or the "palace-gate;" — that of a large 

 public or private dwelling is named dwdra-shdla f TT^T^T, or " hall-door ;" 

 whilst that of a town is called gopura SimT. The last two are also 

 applied to the gateways of temples, which are however more generally 

 known as dwdra-mandapa fTT^T'HT, or " temple-gates." According 

 to the Sanskrit works quoted by Ram Raz, the Hindu architects divided 

 the different kinds of gateways into five classes, each bearing a certain 



