1848.] 



Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. 



315 



ever is the sole exception to the general rule, that the number of flutes 

 should increase with the diameter of the column, sixteen being the least 

 number that is ever used. Thus the Pampur pillar, which is 1 1^ inches 

 in diameter, those of the Marttand peristyle, which are 21^ inches, and 

 those of the Avantipura peristyle, which are 1 7| inches, have all sixteen 

 flutes. Of the 20-sided pillars there is a fragment of one near Zein-ul- 

 ab-ud-din's tomb, which is only 19^ inches in diameter ; while those of 

 Marttand and of Avantipura are respectively 2A\ inches and 20f inches. 

 Of the 24-sided pillars the Marttand and Avantipura examples are re- 

 spectively 26 inches and 24^ inches. 



2. — The flutes of the Kashmirian pillars are extremely shallow, none 

 of them being more than from one quarter to three-eighths of an inch 

 in depth. They must therefore, as nearly as I can determine, have 

 been formed by radii of the same length, as those of their respective 

 pillars. In this, as well as in the number of their flutes, they assimilate 

 more closely to the Doric column than to any other of the classical 

 orders. 



XXXI.— Bases. 



1 . — The base of a column is called Adhastambha ^r^rKj, or " be- 

 neath-pillar" in Sanskrit, a name which is exactly equivalent to the 

 Greek utoo-tuAio*/. The following table exhibits the relative heights and 

 breadths of the different Kashmirian bases, side by side with the lower 

 diameters of their respective pillars : — 







Lower 



Height. 



Multiple 



Width. 



Multiple 







Dr. 





of Dr. 





of Dr. 



Marttand 



Porch 



24.43 



29.75 



1.21 



31.50 



1.28 



ditto 



Peristyle 



21.50 



25.75 



1.19 



26.75 



1.24 



Avantipura 



Peristyle 



17.87 



28.00 



1.57 



27.00 



1.51 



Pampur 



Pillar 



11.25 



18.00 



1.60 



15.00 



1.33 



Bhaumajo 



Pilaster 



10.37 



14.25 



1.37 



13.75 



f 



1.32 



According to the results shown above there would appear to have been 

 no constant rule observed by the Kashmirian architects for determining 

 either the heights or the breadths of the bases. The former range from 

 1.2 to 1.6 diameter, and the latter from 1.25 to 1.5 diameter. In 



2x2 



