316 Essay on the Avian Order of Architecture. [Sept. 



Marttand the relative proportions were exactly the same for both of the 

 existing examples : namely, 1^ diameter for the height, and 1^ diame- 

 ter for the width. 



2. — There are but five different specimens of the Kashmirian base, 

 of which that of Avantipura is almost plain. (See Plate VI.) Those of 

 Marttand and of Pampur agree generally in the character of their 

 mouldings, which may be thus described. The upper member is an ovolo 

 with a straight fillet above, and an apophyge below. The next is a 

 filleted torus, with a fillet both above and below, and surmounting the 

 straight face or neck of the pillar. In the large Marttand pillar the 

 torus is plain. Beneath this is a quirked ovolo with a straight fillet 

 above and below, and the last is the plinth. In all of these the upper 

 and lower members are of the same height ; that is the ovolo and apo- 

 phyge are equal to the plinth. 



3. — In figure 8 of Plate VI. there is another variety of base belonging 

 to a broken pillar near the flight of steps leading from the river to the 

 tomb of Zein-ul-ab-ud-din's mother. In this the central member or 

 filleted torus is omitted, and a plain face is inserted between the ovolo 

 and the plinth. There is no clue to its date : but whether it be of an 

 earlier or of a later period than the other examples, it is by no means an 

 improvement upon them. 



XXXII.— Shafts. 



1 . — The shaft is the portion of the pillar to which the name of 

 stambha, or " stay," more especially belongs. It is an exact equivalent 

 of the Greek (rrvKos- There would appear to have been no fixed and 

 unalterable rule for the height of the shaft ; at least I can discover none. 

 The various examples range from 3 T 2 e to 4^ diameters in height, the 

 average being 3.88, or as nearly as possible 4 diameters. This indeed 

 is the height of all the finest specimens of the porch pillars of Marttand, 

 of the doorway pilasters of the perfect little temple of Bhaumajo, and of 

 some well preserved columns in Nowa-shehra of Srinagar. 



XXXIII. — Capitals. 

 1 . — In Sanskrit the capital is called Adhistambha ^fww, or " above- 

 pillar," which is precisely the same as the Greek em<rrv\tov Accord- 

 ing to Vitruvius, the Doric capital was half a diameter in height, the 



