1848.] Narrative of a Journey to Cho Lagan, fyc. 331 



Say ana of Namja in Hangarang, that the country beyond Shipki is 

 called by the Kanawaris Jang, by the Tartars Galdang Paprang ; 

 beyond it is Kamling (i. e. Kham ?) and Gehna (i. e. Gyanak ?) 



The term Jang-Tang merely denotes uncultivated pastoral high 

 lands in contradistinction to Rung-Tang, which signifies low lands, 

 with villages and agriculture ; thus the people of Ladak call the dis- 

 trict of Rudukh on their eastern border, Jang-Tang, as being more 

 bleak and unreclaimed than their own sheltered and less elevated 

 vallies : hence also the appellation of Rungba, by which the Hunias 

 designate all the Bhotias from the south-side of the Himalaya. The 

 remains of an old boundary wall at Chirchun (which the Jwaris stu- 

 pidly omitted to show me, when I was there in June last), are called 

 Jang- tang, Rung-tang ; the wall was raised, according to tradition, to 

 mark the frontier between Hundes and Khasdes, or some fraction of 

 it, for parts of those countries, and absurdly enough at this point, the 

 boundary being defined beyond all mist" 1 ... by the natural barrier of 

 the snowy range, which here separates the northward and southward 

 rivers by a single mountain ridge ; a better debateable land might have 

 been found a few miles to the westward at Laptel, where the river, 

 though rising on the north of the double snowy range of Jwar, in a 

 valley easily accessible to Hundes, turns southward again into the Girthi 

 valley south of the Niti passes. 



The southern part of Gnari is called Gugi, (or Gokey,) which in- 

 cludes the valley of the Sutlej, perhaps all the way from Kyunglung, 

 and the plain of Gyanima to the Shipki frontier. 



On the north side of the Gangri mountains is a valley hight, Bong, 

 or Bono-bwa, Tal, Jang- tang, inhabited by shepherds, and salt carriers. 

 North (and east ?) of that are the salt and Borax fields, and north 

 (east ?) of them the Gold mines, which appear to be the Ultima Thule 

 of Gnari. 



Pashm (Shawl Wool), is produced abundantly in the eastern pro- 

 vinces of Bod as far as Lhassa, though not equal perhaps in quantity 

 or quality to that of Gnari. The people of U-Chang, (i. e. the provinces 

 about Lhassa and Digharcha) are so ignorant and unskilful, that they 

 use up their Pashm along with the wool, even for the basest purposes, 

 such as making ropes, &c. The superior quality of the Ruddukh 

 Pashm arises not only from the coldness of the climate there, but also 



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