340 Narrative of a Journey to Cho Lagan, fyc. [Sept. 



APPENDIX. 



The present ruler of the Lhassan dominions, Bod-chi-Lama, is 

 Kushu Gewah Ringborchy, of which terms the first and last are titles, and 

 perhaps the Gewah also ; as imported in the general title here given 

 (by Tidya Makhpan), he is the ecclesiastical head of the Budhists of 

 Tibet, of the prevailing sect, at least ; the Gelukpa, the same as called 

 elsewhere Dalai Lama, and Putala Lama, Putalah being the name of 

 his monastic residence near Lhassa. The Bod-chi-Lama, is properly 

 vested with the supreme control in temporal, no less than spiritual 

 affairs throughout his own dominions, and in former days I imagine, 

 that it depended very much upon the personal character of the reigning 

 individual, what part of his temporal power was delegated to subordi- 

 nate ministers ; but of late years the predominance of Chinese influence 

 at Lhassa has probably relieved the Lama from all the cares of govern- 

 ing his own dominions ; under color of his name, and through the 

 agency of Lhassan ministers, the country is ruled in fact by the Resi- 

 dent Imperial Commissioners. 



Formerly the Chinese Deputy at Lhassa was an Amba, Military 

 Resident (?), with a regiment of 500 Chinese soldiers. Two or three 

 years ago two Gyami, came to Lhassa, of such mean exterior that they 

 attracted no notice, till after some time spent in private enquiries and 

 observations, they suddenly produced their commissions and assumed 

 the supreme authority under the style of " Tungtang" which they still 

 hold ; the Amba with his regiment of 500 remaining under their 

 orders. 



Kushu Panjan Ringborchy, is the present Chan-i Lama, (that is, 

 superior of the province of " Chang," of which Digarcha is the princi- 

 pal town, Zhigatz Zung, the fortress, and Teshu Lumbu, the monastic 

 residence,) a degenerate successor, and according to the superstitions 

 of Tibet, a re-incarnation of the great Teshu Lama, Punjun Irtinnee, 

 of Turner, who 70 years ago was in the fullest exercise of the political 

 administration of his province and enjoying great influence beyond it, 

 throughout the countries of Tibet and China. Chinese usurpations 

 must now have reduced the Lama of Chang to the insignificance of a 

 mere monk like his senior brother of Bod. 



The principal officers of state in Lhassa, and actually employed in 



