386 Observations made on a Botanical Excursion. [Oct. 



Two thermometers sunk in the alluvium here gave the following 

 results : — 



The air. 



Soil at 3 ft. 6. 



Soil at 2 ft. 4. 



In both cases 



9 p. m. 62° 



70° 



70° 



perfectly ex- 



11 P. M. 



72 



72 



posed hard al- 



5^ a. m. 53.5. 



48.5. 



68.5. 



luvial soil. 



Here again, as at Nourunga, there is a decided increase of temperature 

 after 9 p.m. I cannot suppose however, that it is due to a heating of 

 the soil to that depth, so rapidly as the 9 and 1 1 o'clock observations 

 would seem to indicate. 



February 1 5th. — Crossed the Soane to Dearee on the opposite bank ; 

 at this season there is but little water and the body of the current runs 

 close to the W. shore ; all else is sand, representing in its major and 

 minor undulations those of the ocean. The progressive motion of the 

 waves was very evident, and produced by the sand from windward 

 flying off one ripple and heaping against the weather bank of the ripple 

 to leeward ; thus though the particles of sand preserve an onward 

 course, the waves are advancing against the wind or retrograding, that 

 in front being added to on its weather side. A few islets of laminated 

 sand occur in the bed of the sand, little oases, green with waving crops 

 of much diseased wheat and barley. Alt. of Dearee 334 ft. 



February 1 6th. — From hence our course lay up the Soane, leaving 

 the grand trunk road. Marched from Dearee this morning to Tilothi, 

 through a rich and highly cultivated country, covered with indigo, 

 cotton, sugar-cane, Carthamus, castor oil, poppy, and various grains. 

 The Zizyphi are larger, Cuscutas cover even tall trees with a golden 

 web, and the Capparis acuminata, was in full flower along the road side. 

 Tilothi, a beautiful village situated in a magnificent tope, is close to the 

 river, and about 5 miles from the foot of the Kymaon, which here pre- 

 sents a precipitate sandstone escarpment. The plants along its base were 

 precisely the same as those of the Dunwah pass, and on their tops 

 those of the base of Parus Nath : Buchanania, Boswellia, Terminalias, 

 Acacias, Bauhinia and the white-trunked naked-armed Sterculia 



A hole was sunk here again, for the thermometers, and as usual, 

 with great labour ; 8 men took as many hours to bore 5 ft. with a very 

 heavy iron jumper, so exceedingly tough is the soil ; — the temperatures 

 obtained were — 



