482 Anatomy of Ailurus, Porcala, and Stylocerus. [Nov. 



Sus ; that the intestines are shorter* in Porcnla and more equally 

 divided into great and small gut, thus yet further continuing the cha- 

 racter of diminished retardation of the passage of the food ; that the 

 lobes of the lungs and liver of Porcula show less disparity of relative 

 size and that its liver has apparently one lobule less than in Sus ; that 

 the spleen is much longer and narrower in Porcula ; and lastly, that this 

 Lilliputian member of the Suidae or Hog kind has invariably six remote, 

 instead of twelve proximate, teats. . 



Pigmy hog. Osteology. The cervical vertebrae are 5, the dorsal 

 and ribs 14, the lumbar 6, the sacral 5, the caudal 10. Total 40. All 

 these bones bear in general a resemblance to those of Sus, both as to 

 number and character, the only material difference being the extraor- 

 dinary diminution of the caudal vertebrae, which are 10 in Porcula, 20 

 in Sus. The sculls of the two with the same general characters, have 

 two important disparities, to wit, that the length of the facial portion of 

 the cranium is greatly contracted in Porcula, which likewise wants the 

 characteristic and normal nasal bone of Sus. It should further be re- 

 marked of the scull of Porcula that in consequence of the diminished 

 length of the face the molar teeth are carried much more backwards 

 than in Sus. The extremities of the two types have characters too 

 similar to make it worth while to enumerate the bones of the legs and 

 feet in Porcula, which however diifers from Sus, and approaches the 

 Peccaries by the unusually diminished size of the inner back digit. 



It will be seen above that I have assigned 5 cervical vertebrae to 

 Porcula, and by implication, to Sus also. Both in fact are so charac- 

 terised beyond all possibility of doubt, and I call attention to the facts 

 with reference to the unqualified language of the most eminent Anato- 

 mists and Physiologists! to a contrary effect. Thus Doctor Carpen- 



* As compared with the tame, but perhaps not as compared with the wild, hog. 

 Porcula has 10 lengths for the intestines, great and small; and so also has the wild 

 Boar, though the tame Pig has 13 and 14 lengths. (Blumenbach's Manual, page 114.) 

 Some other differences may be resolved in the same way : but other and material 

 ones, not. 



f Blumenbach, Cuvier, Laurence, Coulson, Carpenter. (Manual, p. 42. Animal 

 Physiology, p. 46) .) 



Cuvier makes one exception to the otherwise universal 7 cervical vertebrae among 

 the Mammalia. His exception is the 3-toed sloth. (Lecons d'Anatomie com- 

 paree, 1. 154.) 



