492 Routes from Darjeeling to Thibet. [Nov, 



The Yangma and the Walloong river unite half a journey below 

 Mending Goomba and their united waters fall into the Tambur one day's 

 journey from their confluence, whence the course is southerly. You 

 may go on from Mending to Thibet by Walloongchoong,but the tho- 

 roughfare is to 



10. Kanglachema. — Direction west by north. The route lies along 

 the Yangma for half a journey, then leaving the river ascends to Kangla- 

 chema, which is the boundary of Nepal and Thibet, and is always under 

 snow. The descent from Kanglachema to the Choomachoo is about 

 5000 feet ; road good. No trees on north face of Kanglachema, nor any 

 on this side above " Yangma" 



1 1 . Choomachoo. — Descend to this river, which runs west by south 

 and into the Arun. It is the source of the Arun. At the crossing is 

 the Tashirukpa Chaiten (Chaitya) a very fine and large one. Here 4 

 roads meet, viz. the Yangma road just described. 2. The Walloong- 

 choong road. The Tokpay road, leading from Duncoota by the Arun 

 river. Shingsha is at the junction of the Choomachoo with the Arun ; 

 there is a gola here. I have been to it from Tashirukpa all the way ; 

 the bed of the Choomachoo is the route for the greater part of the 

 way ; after leaving the bed of it I crossed the Kakula Pahar to Shing- 

 sha. It is too far round to go by the river all the way. From Tashi- 

 rukpa to Kakula is nearly level ; quite a plain, but very cold ; Shingsha 

 is in Nepal and here it is mountainous. 



The Tashirukpa choo is a small stream which falls into the Chooma- 

 choo at the Chaitya. 



12. Koodoojong. — Along the Tashirukpa all the way. The direction 

 is north, country level and pretty well inhabited by Bhotiahs. No cul- 

 tivation, it is too cold for anything to ripen. The people live by trad- 

 ing and get their supplies from Shingsha on the south : and also from 

 the north. They keep Yaks, make butter from their milk and sell it. 

 There is a Thibetan officer stationed here. He is styled " Neabo." 



13. Chanhpook Goomba. — The route lies all the way in the bed of 

 the Tashirukpa river, which has still a southerly course. The country 

 is level, and at the Goomba there are about 40 houses. There is culti- 

 vation here and wheat ripens ; also pease, radishes and turnips. Koo- 

 doojong is like Phari ; nothing ripens at either place. They are too 

 near the snowy mountains. The country along this march is quite 

 level. 



