1848.] and on its Coal and other Minerals. 511 



amount of heat is desireable, we believe this coal would answer well, 

 but it is certainly not adapted, from the small amount of coke it yields, 

 for the smelting of ores, where a high and continued heat is so urgently 

 demanded. 



The point of the salt range where the coal appears to be best deve- 

 loped, is in the neighbourhood of Pind Dadun Khan and to its eastward, 

 while towards the Indus, and particularly at Kalibag, it does not occur 

 in a seam of any size, but is spread through an immense deposit of 

 bituminous shales, in thin films, rendering them admirably adapted for 

 the purposes of alum manufacture. 



All the localities which we had an opportunity of examining, where 

 the coal crops out, are on the southern escarpment of the range. It is 

 best seen at Baghanawalla, Keurah, Dundhote, Ruttipind and Noorpoor, 

 where the coal is of pretty good quality and in considerable quantity. 

 At Mukrass, and Numbhul, or Bukkh, the same coal occurs but it is 

 of inferior quality and in but small quantity. 



We shall notice these different localities as they are situated, proceed- 

 ing from E. to W., and here we may state that it appears to be the 

 same seam or seams, which run along the whole extent of the carbo- 

 niferous deposit. 



Baghanawalla Coal. — This coal was first brought to the notice of 

 Sir H. Lawrence by Lieut. Robinson of the Engineers, who forwarded 

 samples of it to Lahore in the autumn of 1847. From these we made 

 an analysis, the results of which, along with a few remarks on the general 

 character of the coal, were laid before the Asiatic Society in February, 

 1848. 



Baghanawalla Davee is a small village about 10 miles E. of Pind 

 Dadun Khan and about the same distance from Jelalpore. The coal 

 seam occurs in a ravine about 3 miles N. E. of the village among the 

 hills. The access to it is very difficult and steep, and no beast of bur- 

 den can at present approach it. It is included in shales and yellow 

 marl resting on the variegated sandstone strata, above which is a shell 

 limestone passing into cherty limestone, which apparently is the repre- 

 sentative of the calcareous deposit so abundant to the W. but which at 

 this point is but little developed. This is not more than a few feet 

 thick, and on it rests a grey friable sandstone, which is succeeded by a 

 series of soft arenaceous strata forming a range of low hills running 



