1848.] British Him&layan Frontier in Kumaon and Garhwdl. 533 



ground preferable to the total blank left by the surveyors. I have 

 obtained the elevations of a few places on the route from Bhuni to Ra- 

 lam and from Milam to the Unta-Dhura pass, from the Barometric 

 measurements given by Manson in Vol. XI. (part II. 1842, No. 132, 

 Article III.) Asiatic Society's Journal, which, being without any compa- 

 rison, I have reduced in a manner similar to that adopted for my own 

 boiling observations. Manson makes his own measurement of Unta- 

 Dhura "about 17,500 ft." but, according to my computation, it is not 

 less than 18,200 ft. and the latter elevation agrees much better with 

 my own personal experience of the pass and adjacent places, as also with 

 Lieut. Weller' s boiling observations. 



I have also availed myself of the account given by Lieut. Weller (in 

 Asiatic Journal, No. 134, 1843) of his journey to the Balchpassin May 

 and June 1842, but his boiling observations were far too loosely con- 

 ducted to give any thing in the shape of certain measurement for the 

 elevation of places. 



The most probable mistake here and there, doubtless must be much 

 error, is in the longitude of Laptel and the Balch pass (as also Chirchun, 

 &c.) which should, perhaps, be a mile or two further west, so as to 

 make the Balch route to Dungpu more direct than that by Shelshel 

 Sakh, &c, as the Bhotias declare it to be. I was not sufficiently aware 

 of this till my map was past further correction, but the fault may easily 

 be remedied in another copy. It will be observed in this quarter that 

 I have made the British frontier include a good deal of ground unex- 

 plored and omitted by the surveyors : the valley of Laptel being so 

 much more open and accessible to Gnari than to Jwar or to Painkanda, 

 l t seemed questionable whether it did not belong to Lhassa, but I have 

 allowed its place in the boundary map to be decided by the flow of its 

 water into Painkanda, so as to advance the British frontier to the crest 

 of the Balch mountains and the low pass into Shelshel : the value of 

 the ground itself is little or nothing to either party. Lieut. Weller 

 then penetrated not "three day's journey into Chinese Tartary" (as a 

 certain "pilgrim" supposed) but just up to the frontier line ; Laptel has 

 been visited by two or three other English travellers, but for venatic 

 rather than geographical purposes. 



Between the Jwar passes and upper Painkanda the map is compiled 

 from the best information I could get of the Jwari Bhotias. The 



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