1848.] Route from Kdthmdndu to Barjelwg. 639 



letters or literature, no towns, no temples nor images of the Gods, no 

 commerce, no handicrafts. All dwell in small rude villages or hamlets. 

 Some are fixed, others migratory, cultivators perpetually changing their 

 abodes as soon as they have raised a crop or two amid the ashes of the 

 burnt forest. And some, again, prefer the rearing of sheep to agricul- 

 ture, with which latter they seldom meddle. Such are the Gurungs, 

 whose vast flocks of sheep constitute all their wealth. The Murmis 

 and Magars are fixed cultivators ; the Kirantis and Limbus, for the 

 most part, migratory ones : and the Lepchas of Sikim still more com- 

 pletely so. The more you go eastward the more the several tribes 

 resemble the Bhotias of Tibet, whose religion and manners prevail 

 greatly among all the tribes east of the valley of Nepal, though most of 

 them have a rude priesthood and religion of their own, independent of 

 the Lamas. 



Wth Stage to Solmd, South East, 3 cos. 



Leaving Hachika, which is itself lofty, you ascend for 2 cos through 

 heavy forest by a bad road exceedingly steep to the Kiranti village of 

 Dorpa, which is situated just over the brow of the vast hill of Hachika, 

 the opposite side of which however is far less steep. Going half a cos 

 along the shoulder of the hill you then descend for half a cos to the 

 village of Solma, the halting place. 



\2th Stage to Lamakhu, East, 2\ cos. 



An easy descent of one cos leads to Lapche Khola, a small stream, 

 which crossed you ascend the ridge of Lamakhu via GwaMng, a Kiranti 

 village situated near its base. Thence the acclivity of the hill is steep 

 all the way to the halting place, which is about half way to the hill top, 

 and 1^ cos from Gwalung. Lamakhu is a Kiranti village like Gwalung 

 but smaller. 



1 3th Stage to Khika Mdcchd, East, 4 cos. 



Descend half a cos to the Sapsii Khola, a petty stream, which how- 

 ever the Kirantis esteem sacred. Cross it and commence ascending the 

 great mountain Tyam Kya. Climb for one cos by a bad road to the 

 village of Khawa, and another cos equally severe to Chakheva bhanjang, 

 or the ridge, and then make an easy descent of one and half cos to 

 Khika maccha, the halting place. It is a village of Kirantis in which 

 a mint for coining copper is established by the Durbar of Nepal. The 

 workmen are Banras (Bandyas) of the valley of Nepal, of whom there 



4 p 



