G40 Route from Kdthmdndu to Barjeling. [Dec. 



may be 50 or 60. There is also a Taksari or mint master, and a squad 

 of 25 soldiers under a jemadar. 



1 4th Stage to Jinikhesdng, East, 5 cos. 



After a cos of tolerably easy travelling you come to Jiikya Khola, a 

 petty stream, which passed, you arrive in half a mile at Pakri, a village 

 situated at the base of the Khokan ridge. Thence slightly descending 

 for half a ,cos reach Pikhua Khola. Cross it and ascend the hill of 

 Bhaktani for one cos and reach Miirkiahulak, a post station of the Go- 

 vernment close to the 66th mile* stone of the great military road lead- 

 ing from Kathmandu nearly to the frontier. Thence a descent of one 

 cos to the Khesang Khola, one of the innumerable small mountain 

 streams. Cross the Khola and ascend the ridge of Thaklia for half a 

 cos to Banskim and Powagaon, two small conjunct villages of Kirantis. 

 Thence along the ridge of Khesang for 1J cos to Jinikhesang, a large 

 Kiranti village, the head of which is Balbhadra Rai, and whence there 

 is a very fine view of the snows. 



1 5 th Stage to J aval tar, South Fast, 5% cos. 



Descending slightly for 1^ cos reach Yaku village, and then descend- 

 x ng more abruptly for one cos, come to the Ghongaria Khola, a small 

 stream. Cross it and proceed along the nearly level base of the Yaku 

 ridge for two cos and a half, to Jarai tar, a large village inhabited by 

 Kirantis, Khas and brahmans, and situated at the opening of an exten- 

 sive and cultivated flat running along the right bank of the Arun river, 

 and raised some 30 or 40 cubits above the level of its bed. Such an 

 elevated flat is called in the Khas tongue a Tar, whereas a low flat or 

 one on the level of the river is termed a Biasi. Every great river has 

 here and there Tars or Biasis, or both.f Tars, from being raised are 



* The route gives 61. The difference of 5 cos is owing to the travellers making 

 an occasional short-cut, for they kept, generally, the great military highway. 



f It is remarkable how universally this phcenomenon of high and low levels of 

 the land, indicating change in the relative heights of the land and water, prevails 

 wherever obvious sedimentary deposits are found in definite locations. Herbert and 

 Hutton in their reports of the geology of the Western sub-Himalayas, perpetually 

 speak of the phcenomenon as occurring in the mountains, and, according to Her- 

 bert, also in the Duns and even Bhaver ; and Darwin (Naturalist's Journal) con- 

 stantly records it in the course of his long survey of South America from Rio 

 Janeiro to the north point of Chili. 



The same thing is very observable in the great valley of Nepal, whose whole 

 surface is almost equally divided into high and low levels, though the operating 



