1848.] Memorandum relative to the seven Cdsis of Nepal. 649 



general direction is very parallel. I know but one of its feeders, the 

 Khani, which comes from the Chaplu ridge on the east of the main river. 



5th. The Dud Cosi. It is a large stream, larger even than the Tam- 

 ba Cosi, though inferior to the Arun or Tamor. It rises amid the per- 

 petual snows, but at what exact spot I do not know, and it has a 

 southern course to the Sun Cosi at Rasua. Its feeders are numerous. 

 But I know only those near Rasua, which are the Thotia and the Sisnia 

 on the west, and the Rao on the east. 



6th. The Arun or Ariin Cosi. It is the largest by much of the 

 whole, and consequently the main source of the Maha Cosi, having 

 several feeders in Tibet, one from Darra on the north, another from 

 Tingri on the west, and a third from the east from a lake. The Arun 

 is not only the greatest of the Cosis but of all the Sub-himalayan rivers, 

 if the Karnali be not its equal. None other can compete with it. The 

 Barun, often reckoned a separate Cosi, is a mere feeder of the Arun and 

 joins it so high up that there is little propriety in admitting the Barun 

 as a member of the Sapt Kosi. The Barun is lost in the Ariin in the 

 Alpine region, at Hatia, the great mart for the barter trade of the Cis 

 and transniveans by the very accessible pass of the Arun. Lower down 

 the Arun receives many tributaries — from the west, the Salpa and 

 Ikhua — from the east, the Sawai, the Hengwa, the Pilwa, the Ligua, 

 and the Mamaga. Its course on this side the Himalaya is generally 

 north and south ; but in Tibet it spreads to the west and east also, 

 covering and draining a deal of ground there. 



7th. The Tamor Cosi. The Tamor also is a very fine river, inferior 

 only to the Arun. It is alleged to have more than one trans-himalayan 

 source. It passes the snows at Wallung cluing, or arises there from 

 the snows. Its course from Wallung to the general junction at Tirbeni 

 is south-west, and it receives many affluents on the way, as the Wallung, 

 the Chung, the Yangma, the Mewa, the Kabaili, the Khawa, the Nhabo, 

 the Tankhua, the Telia, the Nava, the Cherwa, the Kokaya. 



To this appendical memorandum on the Cosis I subjoin a sketch 

 of the several primary feeders of the so called Sun Cosi, made from my 

 own observations as well as enquiries. I have no personal knowledge 

 of the rest of the " Sapt Cousika." Indeed no European has yet set 

 foot in this region save myself on the western, and Dr. Hooker on the 

 eastern, margin. We may shortly expect much information from Dr, 

 H. as to the latter, or the skirt confining with Sikhn. 



