672 Trip to Pind Dadud Khan and the Salt Range. [July, 



stone of considerable thickness, on which rests a series of variegated 

 sandstones enclosing nodules of a greenish clay. The prevailing color 

 of these strata is blood red, and on their northern slopes, which form a 

 succession of valleys, vegetation seems to thrive. We here found a 

 species of Nerium growing on the banks of the rivulets, a Scrophularia, 

 a Viola? and several other interesting plants. In the clear stream 

 which runs through the village of Baghanwalla, there are numerous 

 small fish of a species of Salmon ? Cyprmus and Cobitis ? none of them 

 however longer than 6 inches ; a species of crab is also frequently to be 

 seen in the fresh water streams of the range, and even close to its sum- 

 mit. 



2Sth March. — Baghanwalla. — Visited the coal seam which occurs in 

 a small valley about 3 miles N. E. from this, in the middle of the hills* 

 which from the neighbourhood of Baghanwalla to the point where the 

 coal is seen, are of a blood red color, from the sandstone rocks on their 

 surface. The coal, as in the other localities where the mineral is found 

 in this neighbourhood, is associated with a marl, bituminous shales and 

 limestones full of fossils, and in this locality these occur in the succes" 

 sion mentioned, resting on the variegated sandstones constituting the 

 middle part of the hills. The coal seam is included in a yellow calca- 

 reous marl and is in some places 5 ft. in thickness. Above the marl, 

 and within a foot of the coal, the limestone is full of shells, indeed it ap- 

 pears to be composed of them ; and on it is a stratum of chalk limestone, 

 which seems the representative of the siliceous flinty limestone which 

 in other points of the range is so largely developed. The coal seam 

 can be traced on each side of the valley where it is best seen, for at least 

 \ a mile, in some places appearing to degenerate into highly bitumi- 

 nous shales, and in others to form really good coal, the best and thickest 

 part of the seam being in the valley above mentioned. The seam dips 

 conformably with the strata above and below to the N. N. W. at an 

 angle of 45° to 50°, and from its general appearance and the geological 

 character of the rocks and fossils with which it is associated, appears to 

 us to be, if not the same, at least one much resembling the seams at 

 Keurah, Dundhote and Ruttipind, and differing from these apparently 

 in their being a less development of bituminous shales, their place being 

 supplied by the lignite seam, which in some places includes brown 

 masses of half decomposed vegetable matter. Above the carboniferous 



