690 Trip to Pind Dadud Khan and the Salt Range. [July, 



is sold to the alum manufacturers of Kalibag as Jumsau. The 

 efflorescence is called kullur, that of the jungle forming Jumsau, while 

 the hullur of the village is said to yield nitre. 



April 20th. — Gurree to Musakhail, 10 kos. — From Gurree came 

 on to Musakhail, through the same jungly country as in last march, 

 where water is very scarce. The only village passed was Swas y about 

 3 kos .from Gurree ; from the former place the range takes a turn to 

 the E. running again S. towards Musakhail, which is a small place in 

 the middle of the jungle, with but little cultivation around it, and no 

 wells, water being obtained at the foot of the range, above a kos distant, 

 from a small stream of water which issues from the limestone rocks. 



April 2lst. — Musakhail. — Having heard that coal occurred at 

 Numbhul, 3 kos distant across the hills, halted for the purpose of visit- 

 ing the locality. The range at this point seems formed of limestone 

 and highly calcareous sandstones. At a place called Bukh, nearly op- 

 posite to Musakhail, and about 2 kos from that place, bituminous 

 shales occur beneath the white flinty limestone which forms the crest 

 of the range. These shales are developed but to a small extent, and 

 contain but a trifling amount of coal, having the appearance of a coarse 

 charcoal, which also occurs in thin lamina in a white calcareous sand- 

 stone immediately beneath the shales, which are charged with alum and 

 sulphate of iron. The coal is found in no regular seam, but rather 

 in detailed fragments among the shales, and hence is quite unlikely to 

 be of any use in a commercial point of view. From the shales down- 

 wards to the foot of the range on W. side is a development of calca- 

 reous strata, which we have observed nowhere in the range to the same 

 extent near the shales ; these may deserve the name of calcareous sand- 

 stones, but generally the rock is a fine-grained siliceous limestone con- 

 taining flints, and towards its lower part abounding in fossils. From 

 top to bottom of the range the strata all dip to the N. E. at an angle 

 of 45°, and excellent sections are exposed in the valley, through which 

 the stream of water flows which supplies Musakhail. This water has a 

 milky color resembling that of the Indus, which results from its con- 

 taining a quantity of calcareous mud, which a little alum very rapidly 

 removes, rendering the water perfectly clear. 



April 22nd. — Musakhail to Dwoda, 12 kos. — From Musakhail came 

 on to Dwoda, by a road or path leading along the foot of the hills. 



