776 On the Physical Geography of the Himalaya. [Aug. 



the Fly-catchers the gaudy or remarkable species and forms, belong 

 wholly or chiefly to the lower region, as Tchitrea, Rhipidura, Crypto- 

 lopha, Myiagra, Hemichelidon, Chelidorynx ; whilst those which ap- 

 proach the warblers (Niltava, Siphia, Digenea) belong to the mid- 

 region ; and the plainer and more European types are alone found in 

 the northern. 



Among the Fissirostres, Goat-suckers and Swallows are pretty gene- 

 rally distributed ; but Rollers, Bee-eaters, Eurylaimi, Trogons and all 

 such gaudy types belong to the south, with only occasional alpine re- 

 presentatives, as Bucia is of Merops. The tenuirostral birds belong 

 distinctively to the lower region. Yet they have representatives or 

 summer visitants in all three, even among the Sun-birds. Upon the 

 whole however it may be safely said that the Sun-birds (Nectarinia) 

 belong to the south ; the Honey-suckers (Meliphagidse) to the centre 

 and south ; and the Creepers, Nut-hatches and Wrens* to the north and 

 centre. The Sylvians or warblers are too ubiquitarian, or too migratory 

 for our present purpose, even Boreal types being common in the lower 

 region in the cold weather. Horn-bills, Barbets, Parroquets (Palaeor- 

 nis, Psittacula) belong to the lower region, though they have a few re- 

 presentatives in the central ; none in the upper. Wood-peckers abound 

 in the lower and central regions, but are rare in the upper. True Cuc- 

 koos (Cuculus) are as common and numerous in the central region as 

 walking Cuckoos (Phsenicophaus, Centropus), &c. are in the southern, 

 where also the golden (Chrysococcyx) and dicrurine Cuckoos (Pseudor- 

 nis) have their sole abode, whilst what few of the group belong to the 

 upper region, are all allied to the European type. The Ravens, Pies, 

 Choughs, Nut-crackers and Conostomes of the upper region are replaced 

 in the central region by Tree Pies (Cissa, Dendrocitta), Jays, Rocket 

 birds (Psilorhinus), Pie thrushes (Garrulax), Timalias, and Hoopoe 

 thrushes (Pomatorhinus) ; and in the lower region by the common In- 

 dian crows (Culminatus et Splendens), Grackles,f stares, vagabond pies 



* I have in this paper followed without entirely approving Mr. Gray junior's clas- 

 sification of my collections in the printed catalogue. The geographic distribution 

 is now attempted for the first time. But I will recur to the subject in a separate 

 paper devoted to it. 



f When Darjiling was established there was not a crow or pastor to be seen. 

 Now there are a few crows but no pastors. Enormously abundant as both are in 



