1 84 9 J Catalogue of Malayan Fishes. 1279 



ders on the profile. The figure of Russell represents the eye much too 

 small, probably owing to the adipose fold having been overlooked. On 

 the surface of each of the posterior frontal bones appear upwards of 

 1 1 backwards radiating lines. In the individuals examined at Pinang 

 there appeared from six to eight teeth in the lower jaw, and some on 

 the palatal and pterygoid bones, but none in the upper maxillaries, 

 intermaxillaries, nor on the vomer* These teeth are so minute that 

 they require to be seen through a lens in dried specimens, and they 

 are so very deciduous that their number and position vary not only 

 individually, but from side to side. The scales of the body are large, 

 rounded, very thin and deciduous ; those of the back and upper third 

 of the sides have each upwards of 16 longitudinal striae. The 

 sides are covered by 1 1 longitudinal series of scales, of which there 

 appear to be upwards of 45 in the longest series. There are 35 

 spines on the abdominal profile, the scales of which resemble in breadth 

 those of the species of Pellona. The greatest vertical diameter of the 

 body, in front of the dorsal, is a little less than } of the total length. 

 The dorsal occupies the middle of the distance between the muzzle and 

 the root of the caudal ; the fourth ray, the longest, equals the extent of 

 the base, which is ^ of the greatest vertical diameter of the body. The 

 fin is half covered by an oblique backwards rising series of scales which 

 almost hide the last rays. The caudal is deeply cleft, the lobes exceed 

 by £ the length of the head. The scaly anal rays are very short ; the 

 last slightly elongated ; the extent of the base is § of the length of the 

 head ; its distance from the root of the caudal is £ of the extent. The 

 ventrals are situated opposite the centre of the dorsal, exactly in the 

 middle between the root of the first pectoral and anal rays ; their length 

 is ^ of the head. The length of the pectorals is § of the head. At 

 Pinang single individuals are of rare occurrence. 



Kowala lauta, Cantor. 



Clupea kowal,* Temm. et Schlegel : Fauna Japon. Pise. 235, Tab. 



CVII. Fig. 1. 



Anterior half of the head above greenish grey dotted with black ; 

 posterior half and back intense glossy blue ; upper half of the sides 

 light golden green ; rest of the body shining silvery with mother-of- 



* Clupea kowal, Ruppell, vide Kowala thoracata, Cuv. and Val. 



8 B 



