52 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



e<J:f^ 



A WEBKL 



DBTOTEDToFiBLD ANDAqtlATICSPOHTS, FKACTICAr.NATUKALfllRTOHY, 



iift.t'L-LTrRK, Tilt; Protection or Gai.i, Preservation or FomKTS, 



ilfD T1TE INCULCATION IN MeK AND WOMBN OF A HBAI/TIIY INTEREST 



IS Odt-boob Hbciusatiob and Studt : 



PUBLISHED BY 



Rarest m& ^treaty fflttblishing f&omgxqg, 



AT 



IT CHATHAM STREET, (CITY HALL SQUARE) NEW YORK, 

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T«rai, Four Dollari a Year, eirlrtly In A«r«nc». 

 Twenty-five per cent, off for Clubs:of Three or more. 



Advertising Ratea. 



Inside pages, nonpareil type, 20 cents per line; outside page,"30 cents. 

 Special rates for three. Bis, and twelve months. Notices in editorial 

 columns, 40 cents per line. 



*»* Any publisher inserting our prospectus as above one time with 

 brief editorial notice c.illing attention thereto, and sending marked copy 

 to us, will receive the Forest and Stream for one year. 



NEW YOKE, THURSDAY, MARCH 1, 1877. 



To Correspondents. 



AU communications whatever, whether relating to onsiness or literary 

 correspondence, must be addressed, to Tbb Fobest and Stream Pub 

 HBHjng Compant. Personal or private letters of course excepted. 



AU communications intended for publication must be accompanied with 

 real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 

 objection be made. No anonymous contributions mill be. regarded. 



Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited 



We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 



Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to favor us with brief 

 notes of their movements and transactions, as it is the aim of this paper 

 to become a medium of nsefal and reliable information between gentle- 

 men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other ; and they will 

 find our columns a uesirable medium for advertising announcements. 



The Publishers of Forest and Stream aim to merit and secure the 

 patronage and countenance of that portion of the commnnity whose re- 

 ined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 

 la beantiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 

 the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 

 tend to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise- 

 ment or business notice of an immoral character will be received on any 

 terms ; and nothing will he admitted to any department of the paper that 

 may not be read with propriety in the home circle 



We cannot be responsible for the dereliction of the mail service, if 

 money remitted to us is lost. 

 . Advertisementa should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 



(3T" Trade snpplied by American News Company. 

 CHARLES HALLOCK, 



Editor and Business Manager. 



By Ocean Steamer to St. Aegcstlve, Florida, — Since 

 the. day when the Spanish fleet sailed into the harbor of 

 St, Augustine, three centuries ago, scarcely has the ancient 

 town been so excited as on the 10th or February, just 

 passed, when the steamship Leo of the Savannah and 

 Nassau line, passed over the bar and under the walls of 

 Fort San Marco, and for the first time established steam 

 communication between it, the eldest city on the continent, 

 and the outside world. The good ship was not only re- 

 ceived enthusiastically by the assembled crowds on shore, 

 but formally welcomed by the Mayor, while her officers 

 received the hospitalities of the hotels and the town. The 

 local paper, the Press, thus congratulates everybody upon 

 the astounding event: — 



"It has been practically demonstrated by tlie enteringand 

 departure at this port of the steamship Leo, that the bar 

 of St. Augustine is of sufficient depth to admit large-sized 

 steamers and sailing vessels into the harbor. We look 

 upon this experiment on ihe part of the owners of the Leo, 

 in testing the practicability of these ships entering this 

 port, as one of great "I destined to prove of 



immense, benefit to the Ancient City. The Leo arrived off 

 the bar at about eight o'clock on Saturday morajfjg last, 

 and owing to the absence of the pilot was compelled to 

 wait for the next flood tide, when she came over the bar, 

 drawing twelve feet of water, and there being over eighteen 

 feet on the bar, and in thirty minutes from the time she 

 crossed the bar she was safely alongside the dock. 



We are much gratified with this inauguration, as we 

 foresee of a line, not only between here, Savannah, and 

 Nassau, but ultimately between St. Augustine and New 

 York. It is already contemplated by the owners of the 

 Leo to connect with their line at Nassau a line to Havana, 

 This, with the contemplated railroad to Jacksonville, will 

 make St. Auirustine the point for embarkation of freight 

 and passengers, by rail, direct to New York from Havana; 

 then with aline of steamers direct from St. Augustine to 

 New York will necessarily take the sea route for passeng- 

 ers from Jacksonville, rind all along the St. Johns river. 

 This experiment of the Leo has proved the superiority of 

 our bar to that of Jacksonville, and as a port of entry equal 

 to Charleston or SavanDah, for vessels drawing twelve to 

 fifteen feet of water. 



The people of St. Augustine have every reason to con- 

 gratulate, themselves on the continued prosperity of their 

 city. The linger of prophecy points unmistakably to the 

 good 'irne coming, when the Ancient City will attain that 

 prominence among her Southern sister cities which shall 

 be equal to any of them on the Atlantic coast. The rapid 

 growth of St. Augustine during the last five years is un- 

 precedented by any town north or south, aud in another 

 five years we will see not onlya line of steamships between 

 Nassau, Havana and New York, but a caual navigation be- 



tween St. Augustine and the Indian river, opening thous- 

 ands of acres of land for emigration, and making St. Au- 

 gustine the market for an immense back country." 



By the Leo the fare from Savannah to St. Augustine is 



reduced to $10, mailing this trip from New York to the 



"Ancient City" much cheaper than ever. Murray, Ferris 



& Co., 02 South street, are agents for the line in this city. 



*•♦■ 



"Comanche Geokge,."— We received a visit last week 

 from George Anderson, the Government Scout, who is well 

 known in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and to the South- 

 western Indians generally. George was on his way to 

 Washington for orders. He says that when the Sioux are 

 moved down south into the vicinity of the Comanche, 

 Kiowa, and Apache reservations, there will be music, and 

 he wants to prepare to join in the dance. He is a fine 

 looking man of forty, quite intelligent and affable, speak- 

 ing a half dozen Indian dialects, fond of botany, geology, 

 etc. He brought on the seethi of some rare New Mexican 

 plants, which he has distributed among the newspaper 

 men, and we were fortunate enough to be included. Alto- 

 gether George is a very quiet fellow — when he is asleep. 

 He says he has only once been guilty of taking a scalp with 

 the ears on. 



THE BLUE GLASS EXCITEMENT. 



THE discussion of Gen. Pleasanton's alleged discovery 

 of certain properties in blueglas9, occupies consid- 

 erable space in the current journals. He asserts that the 

 developing and curative powers of sunlight transmitted 

 through violet glass enormously exceed those of unmodified 

 light, aud citing from 'his many experiments gives a num- 

 ber of extraordinary instances in confirmation of his be- 

 lief. From these we may select the following as exam- 

 ples of its effects on plant aud animal life: — Cuttings of 

 vines of the thickness of a pipe stem, and but a few inches 

 high, planted in a grapery of which the glass was one- 

 eighth blue, inereased in five months to a length of forty- 

 five feet, aud to a diameter of one inch at the base, while 

 others similar in all respects to these, exposed to simple 

 sunlight, in the same time had grown but five feet. In 

 eighteen months from this planting those under blue glass 

 yielded 1,200 pounds of grapes. Adcaf and rheumatic mule 

 was completely cured by allowing the blue light to play 

 each day upon the affected parts; an Alderney heifer ex- 

 posed to ' the influence of the filtered light was regard- 

 ed as mature for breeding purposes at the age of four 

 months, and produced a calf when thirteen months old. 



There can of course be no doubt that the results in- 

 stanced by Gen. Pleasautou tire authentic, and the only 

 question, therefore, is as to the cause or causes which pro- 

 duced them. The discoverer of the supposed properties 

 of the colored glass of course believes them to be due to 

 the glaas, but no scientific explanation of these effects has 

 yet been given. On the other hand investigators of emi- 

 nence, by means of experiments made with the ut-noit ac- 

 curacy, have arrived at conclusions quite opposed to this 

 view. Gen. Fleasanton is by no means the first person 

 who has investigated the properties of the different rays of 

 the spectrum, and the observations of Sachs, Baudrimont, 

 Cailletet, Vogel, Pfeiffer, and many other physicists, have 

 failed to show any such effects as those related above. 

 Thus Cailletet, iu 1868, asserted that "violet light was in 

 some respects hurtful to plants," and Baudrimont "that 

 violet light was positively injurious to plants; they abso- 

 lutely require white light," 



It is, nevertheless, but fair to say that experiments some- 

 what similar in character to those above referred to have 

 been trifd in Europe, and, it is said, with the best effects; 

 for we are told that Dr. Fonsa, Director of the Turin Lu- 

 natic Asylum, confines his very violent patients in blue 

 rooms, and that tho results are iu the highest degree satis- 

 factory. 



For a very intelligent, though somewhat technical arti- 

 cle on this subject, we may refer our readers to a recent 

 number of the Snentific American. The blue glass may be 

 able lo do all that is claimed for it; may be the panacea 

 that is to Tree all living things from their fleshly ills. We 

 hope that it is, but until some more satisfactory explana- 

 tion of its supposed power is given, we ask leave lo doubt. 



ICE NAVIGATION. 



IN our issue of Nov. 16th, 1876, we noticed an ice veloci- 

 pede, not differing greatly from the land velocipede, 

 except that the. drive wheel, instead of being smooth-shod, 

 as in the road machine, is armed with iron points, and is 

 arranged on a shaft that is journaled on two longitudinal 

 springs, and fitted into a frame that rests on runners. The 

 wheel can be lifted from the ground at any time, and the 

 runners are enabled to pass over small obstructions on the 

 ice. This principle has been carried out and applied the 

 present winter, with gratifying success to the propulsion 

 of a large passenger and freight steamboat on the St. Croix 

 river, Wisconsin. This boat was constructed by M. 

 Mover, of Areola, Minnesota. She has an iron wheel 

 fitted with spurs, and is propelled by steam on steel run- 

 ners. 



We can conceive that such a craft is perfectly practi- 

 cable on ice of only tolerable smoothness. On glare ice its 

 speed would be greatly accellerated by the addition of 

 canvas sails of approved pattern. And we can readily 

 estimate the inestimable service that might accrue from 

 their employment upon the great lakes, especially upon 

 those that are closed by solid ice for five months of the 

 year, and whose coast dwellers are isolated and practically 

 | cut off for that period from communication with the rest 



of the world. Those persons who have sojourned on the 

 Great Lakes have seldom recognized an event so inspiring 

 as the advent of the first steamboat of spring, and the 

 opening of navigation. 



We are quite earnest in urging the employment of ice 

 steamers for lake and river navigation in the northern re- 

 gions; and while we are well aware that the ice is not 

 always smooth, and that it maybe impassible for the 

 greater part of the winter season, still the few trips that 

 could be made would prove of inestimable commercial 

 value. 



To the inhabitants of Prince Edwards Island, in the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence, what advantages would accrue if 

 communication could be kept open throughout Ihe year 

 across the narrow strait that separates that island from 

 Nova Scotia! It is only nine miles wide, but the ice has 

 hitherto proved a barrier almost insurmountable. Many 

 are the contrivances that have been instituted to overcome 

 the difficulty so that regularity in the transmission of pass- 

 engers and mails could be assured; but none have suc- 

 ceeded. 1 he open boat that can be pushed over the 

 floating floes, and rowed acroES the open water and through 

 the narrow passages, as opportunity has offered, has proved 

 the best of all, thus far, but the crew and the few passen- 

 gers that attempted the perilous journey have often suffered 

 severely from hardships and inclement weather. Last 

 summer a powerful cabin steamer of peculiar model and 

 construction of hull called the "Northern Light," was built 

 at Quebec by Capt. E. A. Jewell, a prominent shipbuilder, 

 and put on the route when water navigation closed. She 

 was not expected to jump icebergs and steam over solid 

 fields, but was built massively strong, with powerful 

 engines to separate floating floes and hammer at consoli- 

 dated masses, her hull being of such shape as to be lifted 

 out when "nipped." In the early part of the season, her 

 trips were very successful, but as the weather grew colder 

 and the ice thickened and accumulated, moving and grind- 

 ing through this strait with a five-knot current, her ex- 

 perience became thoroughly Arctic. A month ago she was 

 in such peril that the crew made' preparations for abandon- 

 ing her. On the following week she got into still greater 

 straits, becoming immovably jammed in hngc masses of 

 floating ice about ten miles from Pictou Island, and be- 

 tween it, and Cape George, with no open water near to 

 which she might force her way. The ice surrounding her 

 was of the hummock type, rendered familiar by descrip- 

 tions of Arctic navigation. The bergs stood higher than 

 the vessels masts. She got out, however, by some fortui- 

 tous chance, escaping serious injury. Of course no steam- 

 boat like that running on the St. Croix river, to which we 

 have referred, would answer for the Strait of Northumber- 

 land. We have only referred to the latter incidentally, as 

 coming within the scope of this subject of ice navigation. 



^•♦•- 



THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION. 



IT is very generally understood that education means a 

 "drawing-out" or development, but the mistake is not 

 so generally perceived of confounding it with the acquisi- 

 tion of knowledge, and yet the phenomenon is common 

 enough of a well-informed but ill-educated man or woman. 

 The memory may be made a perfect storehouse, and its 

 happy possessor be a prodigy, in the shape of a walking 

 cyclopedia, but if the intellectual digestion be from any 

 cause deranged, the result is the anamoly referred to above 

 —the possession of a wide range of knowledge with a total 

 lack of education. The poet well understood the distinc- 

 tion when he sang: — 



"Knowledge conies, but wi?dom lingers," 

 knowledge, the possession of facts; wisdom, the ability 

 to make them practically available. Taking tho usual 

 tripartite division of the human faculties into the physical, 

 the moral, and the intellectual, and conceding the nicety 

 of their natural balance, it follows that one cannot be neg- 

 lected without detriment to the others; or, to put the pro- 

 position in another form, any system of education which 

 is directed more to the cultivation of one than of another 

 is correspondingly defective. Much as many people seem 

 disposed to regard it as such, the menu sana in corpore eano 

 is no fiction in opinion, or alcohol may very frequently 

 be found the cause of the ravings or inconsequent wander- 

 ings of a "mind diseased," but it should not be forgotten 

 that it is a mind confined in a body diseased through these 

 agencies. This is an extreme case, quoted for the mere 

 sake of showing that body and mind act and react upon 

 each other, and can no more be considered separately or 

 independently, in a question of education, than in one of 

 insanity. So, not very long ago, medico jurists were in 

 the,habit of treating madness as a mental affection. Now 

 it is known to be nothing more or less than disease of the 

 brain, to be estimated in point of degree, and treated by 

 the practical professor of medicine. 

 But between insanity and sanity are many grades and 



There is first the eccentricity occasionally attaching to 

 genius, but more frequently to be ascribed lo the want of 

 it; the dullness of the intellectual sluggard which prevents 

 its victim from enjoying the possession of ideas of his own 

 or appreciating those of others. There is that mental ob- 

 liquity or perverseness, which will, in spite of all teach- 

 ings, persist in looking at any given subject from the 

 wrong point of view; or, the simple stupidity which can 

 or will take cognizance of nothing, or the superficialty 

 whose mental world is a wide extended plane resting upoa 



