128 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



over-shot wheal, thus enabling the farmer to construct a 



convenient meat-house, When fee labor of chopping meats 



i tly abridged. In preparing food for the fishes 



i"r lin' '-• dond pond, the chopped meai should be paused 



. I be feo "n that young 



it aaly liable to become choked if the food is 



too coarse. Chopped lights when thrown into (In pondi do 



and if the particles are not immediately seized, 



they float about until they arc subsequently eaten by the 



■ !■ | i. until the feeding is all consumed. 



" the i i ■■': i I ■ . its, which immediately sink, 



the light-- - i .minute the water of the ponds. 



i as are located near fresh water or marine fish- 



eries, the offal 

 Eqi I for trout. 



t's 



nay be obtained and utilized into excellent 

 Whore curing and packing is carried on, 

 ! of ilir viscera or intestines may be pro- 

 ! llent food when thoroughly reduced 



:. Animal food is what is required, and that 

 id can bo most cheaply obtained will show 

 iroin of profits to the pisiculturist. It re- 

 to perfect merchantable 



lis period upon expensive 

 d, breeding of trout is not 



,oll 



bout will tliri 



quires from three to fou: , 

 trout, and if they are fed during tl 

 food and sold for a dollar a poi 

 ni;4 business , 



L'Voi'i tin tun.- (lie young fry first, require food until the- 

 period of marketing, though reaching only a pound in 

 Weight, individually a fish requires more food, than almost 

 animal, "in feeding a stock of fishes whose aggre- 

 gate weight, by estimate, equals a ton, fifty pounds a week 

 will be required, fed in equal proportions every other day. 

 If coarse, uncommercial fishes oon ho obtained cheaply, 

 u I iiahu excellent food for trout when passed through the 

 chopper. It is profitable to breed fishes and feed them 

 trout; indeed, some fish culturists count this 

 cheap, oi cheaper, than any the farmer can 

 ish farmer can stimulate the growth of his 

 lse of a proper quantity of food, as well as 

 r can perfect his meat stock for market. The 

 an be made to attain at adult age wholly de- 

 e amount of food given. As a rule, other 

 i^uaL a trout three years old will weigh a 

 rout occupying waters that afford but little 

 il; fed, v. ill appear as lank and poor as the 

 stuntlings of an unthrifty stock farmer. 

 ts might be used to prove that domesticated 

 e only by the same generous supply of food 

 that the pets of the stall require to perfect those stately 

 figures that commend them at once to the dealer. 



A well-fed trout of adult age is one of the most beautiful 

 Creatures in his native element that can be found throughout 

 all the. groups of animated nature. With generous feeding 

 trout will more than double their weight in a single season. 

 It so falls out, however, that among a large number of fishes 

 there are unthrifty ones, in spite of the most generous feed- 

 ing. 



Trout will not increase as rapidly after three or four years 

 of age as before; hence, if bred for the market, it is greatly 

 to the advantage of the farmer to dispose of them when they 

 have reached perfection. It is considered by all trout cul- 

 turists that the rate of increase diminishes with age; there- 

 fore, after trout have reached the point of excellence known 

 to dealers— marketing should at once begin in the proper 

 season, when their fish is most delicious. While fish culture is 

 yet in its infancy, fish farming may pay better dividends by 

 furnishing stock for new farms in "ava or small fry. A female 

 of one pound weight will produce a thousand eggs, which 

 will sell very readily for five dollars. A thousand fry, as 

 I 'ii as i he sacs are absorbed, will com m and from eight to 

 ten dollars. While fish stock is so valuable, to sell parent 

 fishes for one dollar a pound would truly exemplify the 

 destroying the goose that lays the golden egg." 

 Trout often spawn at the end of the second year, and the 

 product of ava is quite equal to that obtained from older 

 ill he seen that the profits of trout culture are 

 it of attainment as those of many other indus- 

 :apital and labor. What has 

 nagement of trout two years 

 :tl co tfiree years old, except in so far as 

 i concerned. Of course up to three years 

 1 be an increase of food in the ratio of the 

 ■M. In tracing this art down the lapsing 

 mote period, and from the discovery of 

 1630, through a period of more than two 

 handled and fifty years, we believe that fish culture under 

 i ..I ii iiispjces is capable of being expanded into an in- 

 dustry of vast proportions. It was long since declared that 

 the city of Amstercl 



fish 



not so di-i, ai i if (i 

 trial pursuits, forr 

 been wi_ 



old applies as w 

 laanii-.y of food i 

 of age. there shoul 

 ability of the fish 

 centuries from a r, 



• 'llirb'ill 



ded upon 



ot a fin 



of Holhm 

 the vast " 



of the am 



a continent so splendid!; 



ted for the exere 

 covey. By a judicious s 



crystal lakes and rivers mi 

 quantities of food for the i 

 the duplicate millions whe 

 in our mind's eye that pr 

 many of the available 

 ntry, 



i built upon hriiin,/ l«s, and if it 

 ying symbolizes the fishing power 

 rates the value of a single crop of 

 ea," which furnish so large a part 

 red by the human family. Upon 



id 

 BO of th: 

 pplicatic 



lay be m 

 millions 



ire to s 



'ate 

 tei 



'hat a vast field is 



great and valuable dis- 



)f the art, our thousand 



e to teem with immense 



iio now dwell here and 



succeed them. We can see 



■nterprise will soon occupy 



fish farms all over our 



nd under State and National auspices our now 

 barren "streams will soon be made to teem with every avail- 

 able species of food fishes -both indigenous and foreign— a 

 grand supplement to human subsistence derived from the 

 soil. NAMim E. BAiiON, M. D. 



\ 



WOODWARD'S CALIFORNIA AQUA- 

 RIUM. 



San Fbanchco, Feb. 28th. 

 Editob Forest and Stream. 



The fine Aquarium Exhibition which Mr. Woodward is now 

 making at his Gardens on Mission Street, 14th and 15th Streets, 



S. F., for the benefit nf scientific 



and the public gen- 



tanks, with plate-glass 

 aeious hall, constructed 

 , faintly illuminated by 

 e upon the surface of 



every movement of the 

 .o observer. The most 

 ained, audit is difficult 

 passing interest of the 



an aquarium 

 : the tanks are still empty; but enough is to be 



s a large t 



ine 



to satisfy ( very one. Both salt .and fresh water fish are 

 shtflvn, each in its appropriate element. The tank containing 

 the crabs, craw-fish, and lobsters attract the most attention, 



I a eer animals can be seen in their grotosqueness, 



crawling and creeping about, now upon the gravelly bottom, 



and now climbing in their awkward manner up the Bide of 



B6, pili . ,.,:■ ives upon one another, and 



sometimes bracing themselves up against the glass front as 

 though to take a leisurely view of their curious observer on 

 the outside. There are" scavengers which eat up the filth 

 and decaying matter, the presence of which are so deleterious 

 to the members of the finny tribes. Perhaps, the most 

 curious of all is the tank containing the sea anemones, which 

 look so much like plants, and which, in fact, form the con- 

 necting link between the flowery kingdom and active marine 

 life. These anemones are in reality animals. If a morsel of 

 fresh meat or fish is dropped in the centre of one of these 

 beautiful floral crowns, their countless tentacular will in- 

 stantly' close upon it, and convey it to the capacious mouth 

 around which {hey play, waiting, for the chance morsel which 

 may come in their Way. After this movement the florescense 

 will again expand, and nothing will be seen of the food. 



Several small sharks are seen disporting themselves in one 

 of these tanks in company with some "devil fish ' — not those 

 of the Victor Hugo stripe, however. Several other queer- 

 looking finny curiosities are also keeping quiet-company 

 With the sharks, tho usually sharpened appetite of the latter 

 being probably subdued by the abundance of food furnished 

 them by their generous proprietor — for everybody in this 

 city knows Mr. Woodward is a generous provider, whether 

 for man or animal. 



A groat natural curiosity lately added to this aquariam is 

 worth explaining to our' many readers. This is a formation 

 or junction of animal, mineral, and vegetable matter. The 

 animal is a species of mussel, or clam, probably of the 

 species of. Pholas (Photas ductylus), a bivalve. These littlo 

 creatures make caves in various kinds of matter, as wood, 

 chalk, limestone, or other hard substances, including shells 

 of the common oyster— some selecting one and some the 

 other— but all selecting a hiding place. The mode by which 

 these pholades make these cavities has never been satisfac- 

 torily explained. Some think it is done by the sharp edges 

 of their shells, and others suppose they are aided by some 

 solvent acid. 



The. vegetable connected with this remarkable union of 

 materials is evidently analga; and we believe it is a species 

 of a large class of plants called Os-cilktioria, found generally 

 on sea rocks, or any substance at the bottom, whether it be 

 oysters, coral, or stones of any kind. The mineral matter 

 attached to this curiosity of nature has some part of it the 

 appearance of bone, and another portion appears to be shell 

 of some kind. It has the marks of the oyster. Altogether, 

 this attraction and wonderful specimen of animal abode, in 

 the shape of a small cave or cavern, for its evidently living 

 inhabitant, in both a vegetable and mineral material, rivets 

 very closely the attention of the visitor to the inmate of the 

 hollow so ingeniously excavated, which is seen to open and 

 shut its shell-doors, no doubt for the purpose of feeding and 

 nourishment. It is indeed a very snug and secure domicile. 

 Whether it can emerge from it is doubtful; but perhaps it 

 has grown too large for the opening, which is made in its 

 more youthful stage or condition of bfe. This curiosity 

 hangs "suspended by a string in one of the apartments of the 

 aquarium of these most-deservedly popular grounds, gardens 

 and cabinets, An aquarium which is equal to most of those 

 now established in America and Europe, and only a little in- 

 ferior to that lately established in New York Oity, and 

 Brighton in England; and certainly having no rival west of 

 the Eocky Mountains. It is continually supplied with new 

 and splendid specimens from both our fresh and salt waters, 

 and is a never-failing object of attraction' to the people of 

 the Pacific coast. 



But I have no time to allude in detail to the rich and rare 

 treat here presented to the curious, and would close this 

 notice by remarking, that this interesting exhibition of ani- 

 mated nature has been devised and carried forward to its 

 present success under the especial supervision of Mr. 

 6 ,..., i - . Schumann, who, at Mr. Woodward's instigation, has 

 recently visited all the principal aquariams of Europe to study 

 their models and management, in order to leave nothing un- 

 done to make this a success in eveiy particular. 



O. S. 



"MISSING," PLANTING FRY, ETC 



Elutok Forest and Stream. 



In my short article upon planting fry, on page 81, issue of 

 March iSth, about midway of the article appears the word 

 ' ' Missing. " It was not in my manuscript, and it destroys the 

 sense of the article. 



Since writing that article I have additional convincing 

 proof of the propriety of "turning out" young fry as soon 

 as the " sac " is absorbed. 1 received several thousand from 

 Mr. Thompson in November last, and temporarily placed 

 them in a spawning race. By an accident the o. 

 overflowed, and over a thousand of the fry were washed into 

 the small stream below. During the past week we have been 

 ditching the low land through which the stream passes, and 

 turning the stream into the ditches. In the deep holes we 

 found some of -the salmon about the size of our yearling 

 brook-trout, or several times larger than salmon of the same 

 lot, which are yet "kept up," and well fed, 



Milton P. Peibce. 

 Aquadak Ponds, Wcmmdi, N. J., March 26, 1877. 



-»•» 



'* Trout Cut/tube rs Michigan. — Mr, James Anthony, of Es- 

 canaba, Michigan, sends the following information; 



"Mr. Young, seven miles from here, at Hye Landing, 

 commenced trout raising last spring, and has now 500 large 

 trout, 10,000 fry, and about 000 that have commenced feed- 

 ing. He has three pairs of twins. Five miles up Whitefish 

 River, and twenty-five miles from here, Mr. E. Riohmondhas 

 about 3,000 large trout; and at Trout Lake, forty miles from 

 here, at the head of whitefiah Biver, Mr. J. Day has over 

 4,000 trout, weighing from a half to four pounds apiece. 



-»♦*- 



j. Madisos, Ga,, March 27. 1877. 



EmTOR Forest ami Stream. 



I am deeply Interested in all that pertains to fish, have been experi- 

 menting with fish and ponds for seven years ; have received and hatched 

 salmon-trout eggs dunateil hy Beth 6 rean ; have carried black bass from 

 the 8chuytkUI River and gold-fish Iron Philadelphia, and now have 

 ;,__ ■ . ranging 



".:.,, EG at virlitias oi the flnny trilis. I ma oo- 

 caarba&U? ebai , :, , : a • a-:i e.v, ]-,'' atd uza irae im udmit Oiai 



o-atl ■■ ' ime than stock yard, pooltl 



aveni) Ml fruit orchard. 



,i, ...,,.. irurea . m ; n mj a*- 



perlroanta wuuM Interest any readers oi Fobest. akd Stkeam, I wilt 

 cheerfully Contribute ^n ■ccariunal mite. E. H. 



[It would afford us much satisfaction to hear from our 

 correspondent at any time. —En. F. and S.]. 



Caj>.f An Bi-eu. — The following recipe for cooking carp is 

 taken from a book dated 1788, written bv a man named 

 , '■ at the. Temple Coffee-House. Carp au 

 Bleu-. Take a brace of carp (alive) and gut them, but neither 

 scale nor wash them. Tie them to a fish drainer, and put 

 them in a fish-kettle. Pour boiling vinegar over them till 

 they are bine (or you may hold them dowhin the fish-kettle 

 with two forks, and another person pour the vinegar oyer 

 them): then put in a quart of boiling water, a handful of 

 salt, a stick of horse-radish cut in slices, and boil them 

 gently for twenty minutes. Poll n napkin and put it 

 in the dish: put them on the napkin, and garnish with pars- 

 ley. Boil half-a-pint of cream, grate some horse-radish in, 

 and sweeten it with sugar for sauce in a boat. Bo sure to 

 send them up hot. 



J^nttitnl ^iniortj 



A Stuange Cat.tfqbkia Fish. — Mr. Throckmorton, one of 



the State Fish Commissioners, has presented to the California 

 Aoademy of Sciences a specimen of fish caught in the salt 

 a i : Marin County. The fish looks like an ordinary 



"bull-head." Its peculiarity consists in its mode of life, 

 Some of Mr. Throckmorton's land beyond Lime Point is 

 ordinary marsh land, and he several times observed China- 

 men at work at low tide, with shovels, apparently digging 

 into the banks of the little creeks. Lust week he went down 

 to see what they were about, and was surprised to have a 

 Chinaman answer his question by saying ho was •' fishing." 

 Fishing with a shovel was a new experience to Mr. Throck- 

 morton, although he has beeA'for many years an enthusiastic 

 sportsman. On examination he found that the bank showed 

 numerous round holes at about the hidf-tido mark, and the 

 Chinaman took the shovel, sliced off some of tho bank, and 

 hauled several fish from one of the holes. 



The holes are similar to those made by swallows, and are 

 in such a position that the entrance is under water about 

 half the time. The tide rises here about six feet, and the 

 mouths of the holes are about three feet below high-water 

 mark. They go straight into tho bank a short distance and 

 then turn down, so that when the tide falls below them they 

 are still filled with water, although the entrance may Vie two 

 or three feet above the water at low tide. They seem to have 

 more of the habits of an eel than an ordinary fish, and the 

 skin is also eel-like. Mr. Throckmorton says the flavor of the 

 meat is also similar to an eel. The Chinese laborers gather 

 great quantities of them at low tide. A fish living in a hole 

 in the ground like a squirrel is something new here we be- 

 lieve, nor do we recollect of their having been found else- 

 where. — Pacific Life. 



DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS BY SWIM- 

 MING. 



the abc 



ve oap- 

 [uotiag 



to be 

 o stand 

 ;e per- 



Wakekam, Mass., March Uth. 

 Editor of Fobest akd Stream. 



Ihup'.r''.- for March contains au arlirl 

 iaon, by S. S. Conant, who claims thai 

 the bear, deer, jaguar, pigs, squirrels, 

 the water 1 or swim over twenty mill -. .- 

 reasonably friendly to our animal king, 

 by and speak iu their behalf in matt* 

 taining to the sagncity and endurance oi tne Tace. 



A journal kept bv Capt. 11. C. Murdoch, of the whaling 

 ship Nassau, Of jWliedford, reads. "June IStli. 1857. Shot 

 a Pel. r bear and her cub twentv-two miles from Sea-IIorse 

 Island, Arctic Ocean. On the 25th shot an old hear ninety-five 

 miles from land ; when discovered was making forau iceberg, 

 distance seventeen miles, which was stretched across the north- 

 ern portion of the Arctic Ocean. The hoar bore evidence of a 

 long voyage. His carcass when dres-ed weighed over nine 

 hundred pounds. One of his forepaws more than covered a 

 provision beef-barrel." 



Captain Murdoch: says he never captured a hear on the land; 

 thinks there is no danger on the sea if you don't let bruin 

 ' a. ...mi' in i/o',t boat,'' It will be seen that ( 'aptaiu Mur- 

 doch captured three Polar bears iu one week, and, for aught I 

 know, it was not much oi a season for bears either, and tho 

 distance from the land from which they are found, shows con- 

 clusively that mammals (at least bears) can swim more than 

 twenty miles on one water excursion. In due season I w ill 

 say a 'word nbout dcers, foxes, rabbits, tho duck family, par- 

 tridge and quails, brook and salmon trout, black bass, pickerel, 

 OUT hluefifih. bass, etc., aquatic sports, embracing yachting 

 and rowing. I ventuie the assertion, that in the diversity of 

 sporting advantages contributed by nature, we are unsurpassed 

 by any locality from Cape May to the eastern shores of Maine. 

 Cyans LlSOTTM. 



[Our correspondent has been misled by a newspaper culling. 

 The article in Harper's was not byS. S. Conant, but was taken 

 from Mr. Wallace's recently published work, ' ' The Ceographi- 

 cal Distribution of Animals," chap. ii. p. 13. Thoouolalions 

 referred to land mammals, and of course did not include tho 

 white bear, which is only a little less at home in the water 

 than the seal.— Ed.] 



<•» 



NOMENCLATURE. 



Mexico, Oswego Co., March 5, 1877. 

 Editoe Fobest and Stream. 



In your issue of March 1st I notice that "F. E. G.," under 



"Bag'and Gun," speaks of having seen and procured a pair 

 of •■Enr;]ish i'r, snipe" in Orange County. Bight hare, I 

 would like to speak of an error which many of our spQrtB- 

 ntry commit. Either from ignorance or careless, 

 to call Ijhxh- by their proper name 

 .. '•_ lown if a ia tfut English snipe is not a a 

 this country, nnd only a tdy your 



referred to the An i on 1 ? snipe 



..." , • ■- v '.; ' .' mi i tnisi 



'•Enadicii." I ! ' ■ known 

 Winged surf duck {Avdenii ■ M 



lUi ':. ' 'V ■ ' • 



the I -■-■, 1 -. it ... 



, | ply ... 



uged iynodpc ■""■ ■'■■■■ f. 



i ,:v iftei thong! I 



loudly protest agaiest being called bynames which do not 



