FOREST AND STREAM. 



225 



Cyidomn. cupido. Pinnated groure. Stria bird is Just making its 

 appearance in this auction. It remains t.hrouehmi! the year. I" not 



Stptakmln hdnrtk*. Blook-belU'Od plover. I have not noon this bird 

 here during tho Bpring niieraiir.ns. It appeara daring tho Southern 

 flight about Octuher 2'5th, and departs November 1st. IB aeen in oon- 



iderablo numbers. 



Otaradritu firtmu, Var. vtrgiaim*. American golden plover. Is found 

 here occasionally ditriug the spring and Bomraer montbB, bat occurs 

 in considerable numbers from Sapteinuer 23d to October 20th. 



JSgiaUtit vaafira. KilMear plover. Arrives April 13tb and remains 

 until September 1st, and is during this time found in large numbers: 

 breeds here. 



Strtpitlat nUttrpra. Turnstone. Daring tbo spring migrations of 

 1876 1 observed six or seven tornstones on two or tbree different 

 occasions (May 26th to 39th), This is as yet, I bnlicvo, the only record 

 of their occurrence in Dakota. 



R-carfirostm ttmcricana. Avocet. Arrives May 4th and is found in 

 small numbers until October DOtb. 1 believe, however.lt breedB a little 

 farther north, possibly leaving this vicinity during June ami July. 



S[cgan»/nta uriUoni. Wilson's phalarope. Is found herefrom May 17tb 

 until July 2ith, when it departs southward. Is seen in large numbers 

 and breeds here. 



GixUinngi) wiUoni. American snipe. Wilson's snipe is seen here only 

 during tie spring migrations (May 1st to 6th), and then only iu small 

 numbers. 



Maerorhamphus griseus. Ked-breasted snipe. Occurs bere in consid- 

 erable numbers from September 20th to October 30th. 



Ertvnelts jrniUlm. Bemi-palmated sandpiper. Is seen here in very 

 large numbers from April aoth until June 13th, when it disappears, 

 none being seen until July 3d, from which date to November 1st hun- 

 dreds can be seen at a time aronnd the shores of any of the lakes. 



Tringa minulilla. Least sandpiper. Shares much the same habits 

 hereae the preceding. This species certainly breeds here. Is very 

 abundant. 



Tringa Bairdii. Baird's sandpiper. This sandpiper appears April 

 28th and remains uutil June 13th, after which date none are seen. 

 During toe time of its sojourn here, however, it is quite numerous. Its 

 habits seem to differ greatly from its near relatives. 



Tringa. maculiUa. Pectoral pau.lpi per. Is found here from July 13th 

 to August 1st, in considerable numbers, 



Tritigafuscicolli*. WhLt,--riimpt,l sandpaper. Arrives May 5th and 

 departs June 13th. Ik seen during this lime iu considerable numbers; 

 seems to share many of the habits of its little congenitor, T. Bnirdii. 



Limosnfedoa. Great marbled Godwit. Is found here in groat num- 

 bers from June lttu until September 22d, with stragglers as late as the 

 middle of October. This bird breeds in great numbers, just off the 

 Ootcau to the east, in Minnesota. 



Totanvx xemipalmatiis . Wlllet. This bird arrives April 23th and re- 

 mains until September 13th, in considerable numbers; breeds here. 

 Hi seems to feed to some extent on fish and Its flesh; is not par- 

 tiou'arly desirable as food. 



Totanusjlavipes. Lceser tell-tale. This bird arrives July 13th and 

 remaiua uutil October28th. At first seen in small numbers, but as fall 

 comes on its numbers increase greatly. 



Trivgaidrs maadarius . Spotted sandpiper. Is found here in limited 

 numbers from June. 21st to September Hth. 



Actiturus tiarlmvx ius, Bartramiau sandpiper. The nrland plover is 

 very abundant here from May tilth until August 26th. .Breeds all over 

 tire prairim in great numbers. 



Tryvgileit rufticm;. Bull-breasted sandpiper. This strauge sandpiper 

 is seen here a few times each year. Ou May 22d, 1870, while Ont hunt- 

 ing on the open prairie, a flock of twenty or thirty passed near me, 

 from which one was secured. Two or throe others were taken ou aa 

 many different occasions. 



J\~yx-tiard*'a grisea. Var. navia. American night heron. Is seen here 

 in considerable numbers lrom August 10th uutil Octobor 25th. 

 {To be Continued.) 

 «■» 



ABBIVALS AT THE PHILADELPHIA ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN FOE 



Week Ending Mai 8, 1877— Eight summer ducks (Aix span- 

 sa), parch-ised; one Macaque monkey rJtfBcaeiW n/nomolaus), 

 pte-ented; six red foxes (Vvlpes flaws'), presented ; " one 

 mnnkcy (Maeac>is iiemest/rianus), born in Garden; one black 



snake (Bascanion constricted), presented. 



Akthub E. Bkown, Gen'l. Snpt. 



fjjjlaodlund, ^arm and garden. 



Annuals. — Now is the time to sow annuals ere the hot 

 weather sets in and burns up the young seedlings before 

 they get proper roothold. None, perhaps, gives more satis- 

 faction than phlox drurnmondii in its various colors, showy 

 and useful for cuttings; petunias also are very ornamental 

 if of good sorts, flowering away into the late fall months; 

 asters and zinnias are excellent; marigolds, both French 

 and African, should have a place with marvel of Peru and 

 balsams, toward the baek of tho borders, while mignonette, 

 .. . .-i :i ]:,,-.;, in its many bright colors, candy tuft, sweet alys- 

 Bum, etc., that do not grow so tall, will do duty and flower 

 well all summer, more toward the front of the borders. 

 Larkspurs, snapdragons, dwarf convolvulus and many 

 other sorts are all worthy of a place, while a few dollars 

 judiciously expended on gladiola, zonal geraniums, monthly 

 roses, lemon verbenas, and such plants will keep not only 

 the garden but the parlor vases beautiful all tho season. 



Magnolia Halleana. — This beautiful hardy magnolia was 

 introduced from Japan nearly twenty years ago, but still 

 continues to be but little known, indeed hardly recognized 

 in the country at large. The cause is principally in the dif- 

 ficulty of its propagation, though all who have seen it are 

 delighted with its beauties. The first impression made is 

 of intense individuality. It ro unds out and matures into a 

 complete bush of symmetrical form and solid wood, and is a 

 true member of the shrubby type of magnolias. The same 

 excellence appears also in the unrivalled beauty and earli- 

 ness of its flowers. These somewhat resemble the water lily 

 in the translucent whiteness of the narrow petals, and they 

 Surpass all others in their delicate and subtle odor. The 

 leaves are of a rich green color, neither large nor small, and 

 are in agreeable keeping with its general habit, while the 

 effect produced is that of a noble and exquisite plant, D. 

 »i » 



The Japan Judas Tbee.— This most beautiful tree, men- 

 tioned a week or two ago in our pages, is now in full bloom 

 in Central and Prospect Parks, and its lovely purplish pink 

 ■blossoms, clustered us they are so thickly on the stems, quite 

 throw our native variety into I he shade. P has . 

 vantage of blooming at least a week earlier Ihui the latter, 

 and at the same time is much brighter in color, perfectly 

 hardy, and a lovely match for the golden forsythia, the white 

 spirea thunbergii, or the deep scarlet cydonia japonica, 



The Japanese Persimmon Again. — W, W. Tlollister writes 

 date of 14- L March, 1S77, from Santti Barbara, to Kev. Henry 

 Loomfe i who has been for sometime this season at Mr. Trum- 

 bull's seed store, Sansome street, San Francisoo, Cal., selling 

 inmber of grafted trees of this valuable fruit) as 

 follows: 



••Seven or eight years ago I purchased of a Mr. Van Reid, 

 of San Francisco, half-a-dozen Japanese persimmon trees in 

 pots or boxes. Two of them Kvod, but, for four years, from 

 neglect or want of proper care, did not do well; or perhaps 

 being kept too long in the boxes in which they were received. 

 After being put in better position they gradually reaovered, 

 and for two years have done well, l" can scarcely express 

 my surprise upon seeing the magnificent fruit of the last year, 

 when the trees had proper care. The fruit is, I tbink, the 

 most beautiful of all the fruit I have ever seen, and it is 

 most delicious to the taste. You can judge of what an im- 

 provement it is upon the old sppcies of persimmon of the 

 States, when I tell you that I carried four of them to San 

 Francisco last fall, which weighed three-quarters of a pound 

 each. This variety is seedless, and can of course only be 

 propagated by budding or grafting. The frtn't is of a rich 

 golden color, a little deeper, approximating toward a Ted, and 

 seems move ILko a ball of wax than a fruit. It is simply 

 splendid. I understand you are introducing this fruit and 

 other varieties of the persimmon into this Slate from Japan. 

 May good luck attend yon. You can do no better thing for 

 California. I think it will be the greatest acquisition to our 

 Stale in the way of fruit ever introduced." 



Another communication concerning this fruit is from J. 

 Grey .lewell, M. D., late U. S. Consul at Singapore, dated 21st 

 March, 1877, to the Rev. Henry Loomis, and is as follows: 

 |'In reply to yours of yesterday I have much pleasure in say- 

 injr, that as regards the Jap mese persimmon, so called, I 

 nave very pleasant recollections. During my residence in 

 the East Indies, as U. S. Consul at Singapore, it was my good 

 fortune to have the opportunity of frequently partaking of 

 it It came to us from China,' packed in plaster of Pari«, 

 to prevent the hot climate of the tropics from affecting it. 

 There are generally two kinds or shapes -the round and the 

 oval, or egg-shaped. Both have about the same flavor, and 

 in size compare favorably with a medium-sized American 

 apple. Those which came to us were apparently seedless. The 

 seeds and core appeared to be absorbed, at least so that wa 

 conld take the pulp from the rind with a spoon, and to onr 

 lasts it was delicious^not at all arid, like the American per- 

 simmon. It is, as I have met in China and India, when 

 properly cultivated, an excellent fruit, and I believe it can be 

 raised here nud soon become a great favorite and a very ac- 

 ceptable addition to American fruits." 



Hint to Peach Growers. — The following is sent to us by 

 Mr. Oscar Speitzer of San Francisco, and is worth careful at- 

 tention: 



"A simple method of increasing the size and inducing the 

 earlier ripening of peaches is given by Mr. Riviere in a 

 pamphlet, iu which he describes a method practiced by 

 M. Chevalier of Montreal for producing these effects. The 

 method consists in making a slit in the flowering shoot from 

 below upward iu March (i. e, beginning of spring). The 

 slit in question extends half way through the shoot, and is 

 an inch iu length, so that the operation is exactly like that of 

 layering pinks. The theory of the sue ess of the operation is 

 that the downward current of nutritive sap being thus forci- 

 bly arrested, the fruits above the mouod are proportionately 

 increased in size as they would be after ringing." 



Mass ob Paraguay Tea. — Among the novelties presented 

 at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia was the Mate, 

 a decoction of the leaves of th<>. Mate tree (Ilex paragwtytnsia). 

 This tree grows wild in the forests of Brazil nud the Argen- 

 tine Republic, especially upon the various tributaries of the 

 Parana and Uruguay; it is also found in the valleys of streams 

 whose waters join the Paraguay to the northeast. The tree 

 sometimes approaches medium-sized apple trees in height, 

 but the leaves are gathered mostly from smaller shrub-like 

 plants. It is stripped of its leaves and branches almost 

 every othor year. Several varieties of this tree are men- 

 tioned, especially two, the mild or choice, and the stroug. At 

 the Exposition a pamphlet in Portuguese, French, English 

 and German, written by Br. Antonio Joaquin da Macedo 

 Soares, presents the claims of the province of Parana, which 

 export j mostly through the port*; of Paranagua and Antouia. 

 Tho exports of the fiscal year eudiug June 30. 1870, amount- 

 ed to 31,777,408 pounds, and rose the following year to 36,- 

 073.713 pounds, The home consumption iu Parana is almost 

 O.iHin.Oili) pounds per annum, and iu Rio Grande du Sol 

 nearly four times as much, not including large quantities 

 consumed by natives without having been marketed. An 

 arroba (32.39 lb. ) is estimated as .sufficient for the consump- 

 tion of a single individual about six months, if taken three 

 times per day, and this would cost, about four dollars per an- 

 num, whereas an equivalent of coffee or of black or green tea 

 would cost much more. It is claimed that the Mate beverage 

 is very nourishing. It is prepared either from the powder of 

 dried leaves pulverized, or from the leaves themselves by in- 

 fusion. It needs intelligent experiment and observation to 

 develop the real qualities of the plant, but it has become the 

 favorite beverage of a laTge portion of the people of Souih 

 America. It is less exciting than either tea or coffee, as it 

 contains less of essential oil, while its larger proportion of 

 resin makes it abetter diuretic, than coffee, though it is less 

 rich in this element than either green or black tea. It has a 

 pleasant aroma, and when taken with milk and sugar it is a 

 good substitute lor either tea or coffee. It slightly stimulates 

 the nervous system, but not to the point of sleeplessness. It 

 contains as much theine as tea, and double the quantity found 

 in the same weight of coffee grains. It is sold in Rio Janeiro 

 at about ten cents per pound. — Report nj the American Depari- 

 ■ ■ uUure 



<<» 



PjnWKSvma TrMBER. -The improvements in saturating 

 wool and timber, invented by Mr. II. Sainsbury, of Paris, 

 consist in employing a solution formed in the relative ap- 

 proximate proportions of water, 1,000 litres; alum, 16 kilos. ; 

 sulphate of copper, 1G kilos ; bromide of sodium, 1 kil.; and 

 iodide of sodium, 1 kil. For the purpose of the invention 

 he prefers placing the timber or wood to be treated in a close. 

 vessel, from which lie draws off all tho air, and in which he 

 irami li taly injects the above-mentioned liquid with a pres- 

 sure varying from 15 pounds to 150 pounds to the inch, ttts 

 slated that wood thus injected not only acquires thereby a 

 considerable degree of hardness, whereby it in better fitted to 

 resist wear and tear, friction, exposure' to the atmosphero 

 and deteriorating causes, but it is also rendered completely 

 incombnsl i ble. — Buildtf. 



THE VERBENA DISEASE. 



Editor Forest and Stream. 



I have just seen the article on the Verbena disease in last 

 number, and make out from it that your correspondent is 

 yet undecided whether or not an insect has anything to do 

 with the matter. If you will run over some, day 1 will show 

 you the. "varmints" crawling about as lively as erickets on 

 plants that are affected by rust, while you' may look your 

 eyes out in the endeavor "to see them on healthy subjects. 

 Why it should ever be questioned by any one having oppor- 

 tunity to see, is a quandary to nu\ " P. H. 



•fas, L. R. Cincinnati, 0. — The Japan Judas tree was sent 

 out by Parsons A Co., Flushing, some years ago, and we 

 think can be had of any nurseryman who keeps posted in 

 really good novelties.' The ICticow is punctata is an old, 

 much neglected plant, rarely seen except in old collections. 



Q. T. Howard, Pa.— We mail to-day schedule of N. Z. 

 Horticultural Society. See special premium offered for No- 

 vember next. 



^■» 



Analysis oe the Onion by Messrs. Wellington and Bragg, 

 under the direction of Professor Goessmanl at the Massachu- 

 setts Agricultural College chemical laboratory, being the 

 first authentic analysis of this plant on record. ' 1000 parts, 

 air dry, contain : 



W«tnr SM. 000 Lime 0S.il 



Orgsnlo mutter KM.BSRMnfiuoBlo o.lilfl 



Nitr.isen 2.1:10 Irun IF* ! O 3) 0.027 



Total sih i .302 I'Uniplioric acid S«i) 



Potash 1.680 Sulphurio aold 1.151 



Sedn 0.083 Silica 0.U5 



— Scientific Birmer. 



<■» 

 Rainfall at Santiago.— A register was kept at Santiago 

 from 1824 to I860 to record the number of minutes and hours 

 during which rain fell throughout the twenty-seven years, 

 and the average of a year's fall was 215 1 hours or nine days. 

 Seven-ninths of this fell in tho four months of May, Juno, 

 July and August, while in the whole five monfcs of Novem- 

 ber, December, January, February and March rain fell only 

 for seven hours and a half. The whole twenty-seven Janu- 

 arys would only have given fourteen hours' rain had there 

 not been an unexampled fall of forty hours during tho Jan- 

 uary of 1837. June and July, by tar the wettest months, 

 only gave four and a quarter days' rain between them. — 

 "Over the Sm mvi Mir Away." 



Rational ga§time&. 



The Game of Polo.— Rules of the California Polo Club.— 

 1. The goals shall be two hundred yards apart, i« according 

 to the number of runs to be made. " 



2. The bull shall be three aud one-half inches in diameter* 

 the sticks not to exceed three and one-'ialf feet in length. 



3. Sticks may be hooked and taken from an opponent, but 

 no stick cau be hooked either under or in front ot » horHe. 



-t. Any player catching an opponent's arm or horse, or 

 holding his stick in front of an opponent's horse, in 

 ordvrto prevent the horse's advance, or hitting an opponent's 

 horse to drive him over the ball, shall be declared out of 

 the game. 



5. If it cau be shown to the umpire that a run his been 

 made by a foul, it shall be the duty of the umpire to declare 

 it a dead run. 



8 Two decisions of foul runs shall score oue run agarnst 

 the offending side. 



7. Iu case a ball is hit beyond the goal but outride the 

 flags, the ball shall be put ou the line through which it 

 should have passed, and bota sides drawn up behind the 

 goal, the party defending the goil shall ba entitled to a hit- 

 off 



S In case the ball passes outside the side limits, the ball 

 shall be placed iu the centre ot the course opposite where it 

 left the course, with each party on their respective sides fa- 

 cingthe bill, aud shall be started by the umpire. 



H. The game shall be started by the umpire, either by 

 word or dripping the flag. The apposing parties to face 

 each other thirty yards from the bell, the two starters to step- 

 to the front of their respective sides, and to advance at the 

 signal. 



10. Any party losing his stick must either dismount to re- 

 cover or pick it up foom his horse. Any party receiving his 

 stick either from a fellow player or from" a spectator, shall 

 have a foul scored against him, or by an order from the um- 

 pire shall throw Ids stick to the ground aud recover it him- 

 self. 



Smtler's Health Lift. — Dr. Smilrr, says Max Adeler, had 

 a large tank placed on the top of his house from which to sup- 

 ply his bathroom and so forth w th water. The water had 

 to be pumped up about fifty 'ett lrom the cistern in the ynrd, 

 and the doctor found it to be a pretty good-sized job, which 

 would cause him constant expense, So aftei thinking the 

 mailer over very carefully, one day an idea struck him. lie 

 built a room over the cistern and put word " Sanitarium " 

 over the door. Then he concealed the pump machinery 

 beneath the floor, and he rigged up a kind of complicated 

 apparatus with bandies and hinges and a crank, so that a 

 man by standing in the middle of the machine and pulling 

 the handle up and down would operate that pump. 



Thou the doctor got out circulars and published advertis- 

 ments about "Smiler's Patent Heidth Lift," and he secured 

 testimonials from a thousand or so people who agreed that 

 the health lift was the only hope for the physical - salvation 

 of the human race. Pretty soon people began to see about 

 it, and Smiler would rush them out to the "Sanitarium" 

 and set them to jerking the haudles. And when a customer 

 had pumped up fifty gallons or so, Smiler would charge him 

 a quarter, aud tell him that three months of that kind of thing 

 would give him muscles like a prize-fighter. 



The thing became so popular that ho had to enlarge his 

 tank and put in a smaller pump; and he not only got all his 

 pumping done for nothing, but the people who did it paid 

 him about SI, 500 a year for the privilege. 



One day, however, Mr. Maginnis, who had been practis- 

 ing at the health lift every day for months, broke the board 

 upon which he was standing, and plunged into the cistern, 

 and just as he was sinkinsr for the third time Smiler fished 

 him out with a crooked nail in the end of a clothes prop. 



A few days later Maginnis came round with a lot of othor 

 patients, aiid cross-examined Smiler's servant girl, and 

 learned about the truth, and then they went home mod. A 

 consultation was held, at which they resolved to prosecute 

 Smiler for damages and for obtaining money under false pre- 

 tences. It is thought by good judges that, by the time the 

 oourt gets through with Smiler, it will be about the unhealthi- 

 est lift for him he Vfas ever interested in.— Science American. 



