FOREST AND STREAM. 



301 



the newspaper, while the general beauty :mil entirety is 



-ii-gaided. Such gardens ore imlike Aiiuiehi's 



o & a. Cor isaude's. The final senleuct ol LtOU ' 



b> us, "I have been in ( ::m.ii mini, [ud she baa 



given vim a i use ." Tbesweel UumijniOSOa in their white and 

 red, blossom at our (lower allows. Amid the beauties of ani- 

 mated nature, there are those which honest* Goldsmith never 

 classified. tJnquestionahly there is agood deal of honest criti- 

 cisih on roses and geraniums, on cut. flowers and designs, and 

 the show of azaliaa, orchids and the multicolored foli- 



lantS is always a strong point at a spring llower show. 

 Moreover, there is a great deal of scientific interest in homely 



Vies, and even non-seioutilie eyes can view with suggesl- 

 eoinplacenoy, giwn peas mid. early potatoes. Still, as one 

 watches the gay crowds promenading the. paths, or sipping 

 ices, or listening to I lie music, it is easy to see that the people 

 who come to the show, really mako up the largest part of the 

 show itself. It is the opportunity for friendship and flirtation, 

 for the intelligent study pf fresh variegated toilets, for count- 

 ting up our friends who are present and discussing those who 

 are absent. It is a matter of general congratulation if one of 

 our friends has succeeded in winning a prize, or we praise his 

 kindness in sending ferns, palms or orchids to aid in the or- 

 namentation of the scene. From what we can learn the forth- 

 coming exhibition of the New York Horticultural Society at 

 Gilmore's Garden (Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday of 

 1his week) will he by far the best ever brought before the pub- 

 lic of New York, and we trust the Society will be encouraged 

 by the increased attendance and the interest manifested in the 

 beauties exhibited, lo renewed efforts to make their June and 

 Fall exhibitions oven more of a success. 



THE PRICES OF NURSERY AND GREEN 

 HOUSE PRODUCTS ABROAD AND AT 

 HOME. 



BY VETEB HENDEESON. 



WHILE the price of labor is from one-third to one-half 

 more in this country than in Europe, nearly all the 

 products of the nursery, greenhouse, or garden, art' sold lower 

 here, than there— not merely lower, but in a majority of cases 

 al less than half the price, "in nursery stock, 1 have the au- 

 thority of Messrs. Elhvanger & Barry, "of Rochester. N. Y\, for 

 statins that, in many leading articles in fruit trees, the diifer- 

 n. i in prices in favor of this country arc as follows: In 

 l.ieiand, "Standard" apple trees are quotedat *lts per 10(1 ; 



the same quality are sold here at ftl&per 100. Dwarf pear 



trees there sell at $3S per 100 j here, nt $16 per 100. Stand- 

 ard pear, plum and cherry trees average in England flB-per 

 100; here $15 per 100. Apricots and nectarines arc sold for 

 about the same price hero as in England, but peach frees 

 which are sold here at an average of |Jr70 per 1,000, are there 

 sold at $150 per 1,000. The general assortment of ornamental 

 trees and shrubs show a corresponding average in favor of 

 lower prices here. In greenhouse or bedding plants, the dif- 

 ference in favor of our lower rates here is even greater, both at 

 Wholesale and retail, ltoses, for exampt 

 er ill Europe than almost anything else, < 

 I'd at less than $ 15 per Kill: here the s 

 #12 per 100. Carnations, or pinks, whii 

 land as specially low at $20 per 10U, are 

 100. Ferns sold here a] $8 p ' 

 tuberoses anil gladioluses that, 

 there at least double Hi 



tune quality averages 

 _'h are quoted ill Eng- 

 sold here at sfri'J per 



00. sire offered at .fTJ there; 



■ sold here at $4, sue quoted 



while to lake the 



9 plants, that may average here $10 



offered to us by .the wholesale Eng 

 w. at »18 per 100. 



last summer, nearly 

 d, so that we had to ira- 

 wae $8fi per 100, the. very 

 tOO. In prices at retail, 

 38paid in Europe are fully 

 here. For example, si 



bedding or greerih 



ion io the trade, are 

 houses us specially 1 



Owing to the unusually dry we 

 all our stock fuchsias were deslo 

 port, from London-, the price pa 

 same quality that we sell at $18 f 

 particularly for new plants, the p 

 four times wore than what we el „ 



new rose, when first offered, is sold in London at £1 Is., the 

 plant, about iSO : here the first sales of the same are at from $2 

 to $8 each. New fuchsias or geraniums are rarely sold in 

 London at less than §3 each; here we think we are getting 

 well paid if we get one-fourth of that sum. In addition to the 

 greater price paid for the article itself, they invariably saddle 

 us with the expense of hoses and packing, often no small 

 item, which here is rarely charged by the florists. If we add 

 to these, our 30 per eenC duly, which our govern 

 nient in its wisdom exacts for these perishable 

 commodities, it may well be wondered that Europe 

 can ever sell to us at ail, particularly when it is known that at 

 least one half of the imported plants are lost by injiu'y sustain- 

 ed in transit. The question arises, how can our nurserymen 

 and florists sell so much lower, and make the business pay? — 

 for that they do make it pay quite as well as European grow- 

 ers do, I here is but little doubt. The answer to this is the 

 known fact that the high COSl of labor, has long ago forced us 

 louse our ingenuity in simplifying our work. What WO do 

 with the plow, the English gardener still thinks it necessary to 

 do with the spade. What we do with our horse or hand cul- 

 tivator, he still does with the hoc, and often a very primitive 

 sort of hoe at that. Where we use stakes and labels that are 

 made by machinery, they, in many eases, yet make them by 

 hand, win n a single one, actually, costs sis much in labor as 

 do a hundred when made by machinery. When it comes to 

 the manual operations, necessary in the propagating and grow- 

 ing of greenhouse plant*, the same waste ol labor is apparent. 

 Our averairc propagator will lake off. make, and set in bench, 

 1.000 outturns per dav; al the rate 1 saw the propagators of two 

 of theleadlng estahlishments in Londi n working, when there 

 a few years ago, I doubt if the average was 2110 a day. and 

 when we tell them thai some of our crack workmen can place 

 10. (100 rooted cuttings in pots in 10 hours, they honestly think 

 it false, for probably not more than one-third of that number 

 has ever been done "in the same time there. I do not wish to 



ui ui ra d that the English gardener can nol moveasrap- 



idly as the American, but custom there clogs his hands wiih 

 unnecessary wa'k to accomplish the object desin I Pile 

 Other day a man of -10 years of age pivsenl.nl himself to me, 

 with credentials from a long established Edinburgh linn, slnl- 

 . i ve experienced propagator and cultivator of plants. 

 hii capabilities. I handed him a lot of rose cuttings to 



prepare, every one of which he' cut al an eye at joint, in the 

 approved oi to idi i rle > $ a quarter of a atm 



i B here have long known tl toi to 



i: -i i' ' i materia), but a still greater waste of 



lime, and we never do it unless in part icular cases thai very 

 rarely occur. 1 might mention scores pf similar operations", 

 which are performed abroad in a manner which seem to us as 

 primitive as this. 



[The foregoing article, taken from the "American Agricul- 

 turist," is so pertinent sun! to the point that we have much 

 i giving it all the publicity we can. Mr. Henderson 

 would not be himself, if not, statistical, and here he brings his 

 statistics to bear with unusual force. We trust his article will 

 receive a careful perusal from our readers, as it has already 

 awakened much attention both in and outside of the hortlcul- 

 furid profession.- -Ed. J 



M i wis roi; Visas.— In these days of scepticism in 



the horticultural world as to anything good originating in this 

 eo, miry, it is refreshing to come across the following endorse* 

 mem of General Pleasonton'e theory, copied from the Dundee 

 (Scotland) Attaerttier into the pages of the Garden 

 cfe, London. The effects 01 blue glass on vegetation are prettj 

 well known to physiologists, at least BO far as. laboratory ex- 

 periments arc concerned, and they are not yd such as to in- 

 duce a practical man to grow his plants under a blue ray. 

 Numberless experiments must be tried, ranging over a series 

 of vears, tocouvinee the sceptic that, the excessive grow lb al- 

 leged to have taken place is that of nature, which' results in 

 well-ripened wood, well-colored grapes, and a sound constitu- 

 tion, Here is What the Dundee Jdrc/tmr has to say on the 

 matter, however .- 



•' Some lime ago a copy of General Pleasonton's book came 

 into the hands of Mr. Spenee, of Coventry Bank. It so hap- 

 pened that Mi. SpettCC was erecting vineries al the time, and 

 he resolved on satisfying himself as to the effects of the blue- 

 violet ray. Mr. Spenee's vineries are built, against a lofty wall, 

 and have a tine southern exposure. There are two forcing- 

 houses, each till feet by 15, separated by a transverse section 

 of about the same dimensions running out from the wall. This 

 construction necessitated a modification of the American plan, 

 and Mr. Spenee has, by an ingenious arrangement of the glass 

 at the top of the wall, made sure of the violet ray travelling 

 over all the plants. One of the houses— the westmost— is 

 glazed in the usual fashion with white glass ; the other is tilted 

 up with rows of blue glass, casting a violet, ray in the manner 

 described by General Pleasonton." 'With the exception of the 

 rows of colored glass, the two houses are exact lv the same in 

 every respect. As to soil, itmavbe mentioned that in the course 

 of the summer Mr. Spenee look a large quantity of turf off his 

 lawn, which was allowed to rot, and in the fall" Of the year il 

 was appropriated for the purpose of vine growing. It Was 

 placed in both houses, and in both cases bones and: bone-meal 



Tin 



from Rosemill 



the two houses were stocked t 

 the same variety— Black lla 

 order further lo lest the iuflue 

 toes were planted in both boo 



copied. These operations were gen 

 ami under the superintendence of M 



and experienced gardener. 1 leal wu 

 February 8, and the temperature 1 

 equal, the white house from poshim 

 advantage.:; On visiting the vinerii 

 which have had the advantage of the 



3 feet, above the surface, and BO vig 

 though carrying the full strength of 

 quire to be suikcd. In the whit 

 feet high. The vines, again, which 

 grown 3 feet. -H inches, and have a st 

 in the white house, on the other It 

 Those acquainted with vine culture ■ 

 different, results by the following del.; 

 gt ess has been kept, and the results 

 lows: At first the progress made mi 

 lully an inch every twenty-four hou 

 a month from the 'date of forcing, tin 

 glass stood 14 inches above the g 



litii 



aboi 



. Law 

 put 



glass thev stood 25 ineia 

 had only grown 4 inches 

 the blue they lard altai 



ice of the stimulating ml! 

 tinned that a camellia was poh 

 removed into the 'blue 'house 

 which in its new quarters had 

 Mr. Lawrie, who has had a lib 

 like it hits before come under 1 



Tli 



nder the 



tt heighl 



J loth last 

 equal age and of 

 i the same day, in 

 le-violet ray, pota- 

 s and potatoes were 

 the color ray ex- 

 it with the advice 

 rie, an intelligent 

 i in both house's on 



ce then been kept 



liming if anything the 

 a we found the potatoes 

 ' blue light bath' standing 

 irons is the growth, al- 



Ihc stem, they will re- 

 - house they stood Only 3 

 ire bathed in violet, have 

 oug vigorous look. Those 

 uid, are only 13 inches. 

 .'ill be able to estimate the 

 ils. A regular note of pro- 



ler the color rav averaged 

 s. On March 8, exactly 

 potatoes under Ibe white 

 d. while under the blue 



es, again, at same date. 



fill inches' Asa further 

 ace of the ray it, may be nieu- 

 d out to us which had been 

 sadse oj the sickly look, but 

 )W).l 3 inches in "two days, 

 mg experience, says nothing 

 notice. 



— We understand that we arc likely to have a visit in this 

 country in the course of the summer from Dr. J. D. Hooker, 

 president of the Royal Society and director of the Royal Bo- 

 tanic Gardens sit Kew, London. He will be accompanied by 

 his wife, whom he married last summer, and who was the 

 widow of the well known naturalist, Sir William Jardiue. 

 Dr. Hooker's first wife, his coadjutor iu so many of his botan- 

 ical labors, whom he lost a few years ago, was the daughter 

 of the celebrated naturalist, Professor Henslow. 



Lnouirer. — The plants received are a small specimen of 

 Trillium granditlorum, the large flowered white Wake robin, 

 Mitoella nuda, the smaller Mitrewort or Bishop's cap, and 

 Ribes aureum, the Buffalo or Missouri currant, remarkable for 

 the spicy fragrance of its yellow blossom in early spring. 

 The oilier three plants received later— next week. 



Sr-ii:.e\ JapOHIOA, A. N.— Divide the crowns after flower- 

 ing, and plant them in rich, sandy loaui. They require plenty 

 of moist ure when growing. In Holland this planl is grown in 

 great quantities for foreign markets among their hyacinths, 

 in r icu ™ ad - 



Tub J.kiinahd Sim it IUhroo Fi.v Rues,— These rods have lone had a 

 most extended reputation, nail are always admitted to lie equal to toe 

 best, even by-rival maters, Mr. Leonard lias manufactured a great 

 iiiaaj rods that tiave been sold by [ending tackle houses who liave 

 earn.-d a reputation for dculiug In superior gondii, lie tins recently 

 added considerable capital to Ills business, and tias greatly extended 

 liis manufacture ol rods at Bangor, Maine, not only making work su- 

 perior to any that he has done before, but adding important improve- 

 ments In ferrules, which secure greater strength and more uniform 

 elasticity. The pest testimony to Mr, Leonard's worktuiiusblp Is hie 

 handiwork. <AJk. 



§he giinmiL 



HYDROPHOBIA. 



IiaUemumina. or canine madness, is, a disease of a uervous 

 order, natural to the dog family. Consequently, wolves, foxes, 

 hyenas, and all the canine tribe' from the least to the greatest, 

 are occasionally subject, to attacks of this fatal malady. The 

 disease, without the slightest doubt, is specific in ils chat 

 just as much so us diphtheria, small pox, vaccinia, etc. j and 

 when it, is developed in human beings and other animals, it 

 generally communicated lo them by bites, or the lodgment of 

 portion of the vitiated saliva of the suffering animal upon 

 wounds, or otherwise, so that the poison is taken up by absorp- 

 tion into the system. Until the introduction of the spitz dog 

 fortunately if. was a disease comparatively of rare occurrence 

 aud but a very small proportion of the dogs now hilled pur- 

 porting lo be rabid really labor under that difficulty. Dogs 

 having worms, pups getting second teeth, and some casts of 

 attended with tits or spastnsf 

 s affected will run about in a 

 ho mouth, and excite general 

 icqoainted villi the symptoms 



distemper in the early stage! 

 and sometimes the animal 

 bewildered condition, froth 

 111111111. If seen by peisons 



ol* hydrophobia, at once the hue and cry is raised "mad dog,'i 

 I unfortunate cur is dispatched (which is the only safe plan 

 where the cause aud symptoms are not understood), and the 



public is treated to an artie 

 horrors of this disease and its 

 healthy dog is among the most ii 

 plied to a wound. It is his own 

 his licking of sores of human bei 

 from almost the eiirliest history 



has been conveyed, through the public print, the idea that the 

 bite of a dog not, suffering with rabies is capable of communi- 

 cating that disease. Oneniighl just as well say to shake hands 

 that had not the itch will give the itch, or 1:6 scratch 

 a point not. charged with vaccine virus will produce 

 kine pock; and to argue that a man bitten by a well dog if 



the newspapers detailing the 



iivvali-nee. The saliva of a 

 nocuous agents that urn heap- 

 panacea for every injury, and 

 OgS has been regarded salutary 

 of the world. Recently there 



that, doi, - 



at tacked, is 

 wound from 



trismatic tit. 



the dog in i 

 the dog havi 

 a short time, 

 being more 

 mi- with thii 

 poriunuy to 



■abid six months after, the man is liable to 'be 



preposterous than witchcraft. It, is true a 



lIs from other instruments, 



means of causing spasms, 



nay lie the 

 rich inav s 



need; but 



and just, 





• rabies 

 exist in 

 s surely 



ote the 



the 



il< 



aptoi 



Oi 



I ached to 



Tin 



than large ones, 

 eral dogs labor- 

 mil had fnllop- 



e was aSonlrli 

 logs, greatly at- 





ollier a setter, both 



he family, aud under good subject iorZ The symp- 

 ere as near alike in them as they arc hi any disease that 

 mankind, 

 symptoms for the lirst, twenty-four lo forty-eight hours 



at. are not constantly chained to a kennel, quite marked 

 gof the salivary glands, which no doubt, are the lirst 

 organs- of the system that sulfer. On the second and third 

 days they seem languid, their eyes have a weak or liquid look, 

 mouth slightly parted, tongues protruding a little, a very 

 short, dry loll; if they move during this period, itiswilha. 

 tired or sickly droopiugof the head and tail, and the first quiet, 

 place they reach they throw themselves down, always with 

 ' ihort panting. About the latter part of the third day, 



they begin to grow restless, becoming easilys 

 or "imaginary Hies ; will often get up suddenly :iu 

 room to eaicb or snap at them, aud, if naturally ilh 

 snap at persons if teasted : generally cat and drink ; 

 obey their masters, and, if accustomed to hum, will 

 fort. But their behavior will 

 at home 

 willbeco 



tl will 



•al 

 he 

 li'edwiit 

 I usual I v 

 keauef- 

 either 



it 

 tied are mor 



begins to tlo 



they remove 



head, yum 

 the saliva la 

 and often s 

 solid it is ret 

 seen 



:» Ho 



1 1 lb: 



1 till 



place. About, the fourth day they 



ho restless, that, if no! secured, they will leave home 

 iout, bite other animals and occasionly persons ,- if 

 -'inclined lo bite. During ibis period the saliva 

 w, sometimes copiously, at other limes sparingly; 

 i I. from their mouths by violent shakes of the 

 pears ropy, at others frothy. When 

 they are unable to swallow liquids, 

 hen they attempt, to swallow anything 

 ivily coated with ibis ropy saliva, which 

 that, prevents the swallowing. 1 have 

 iptiug to drink start back wilhasorl of 

 ', which I ascribed to drawing the tough 

 Have thrown water over them, which 

 ich causes I hem to shrink away, hut 1 

 .luce convulsions. By ibe fifth day 



.iu. jod-ahot and deliriour '- 



ad frothy, extremely restless, 



it pr 



II the 

 xcept a v 



isted. 



iy slight hack o: 



it of the disea 



In this eouditi 



.,, mouths 

 at everything 

 cue aggravated 

 oough, which 



e, and which 

 i the 



ble to fii 



within reach; 



to the highest pitch, 



they have at (he eo 



subsides with the lien 



until they become ex 



throat from Ihcaeeui 



impeded, the brain and uervous centres irritated or congested, 



convulsions ensue, and by the seventh or eighth dav death 



Closes the scene. The first dog 1 saw with rabies, to note any 



of tlie symptoms, was a bull terrier owned by a .Mr. JaaDurie 



iu IS5.J. Probably on the third day of tlie disease, while 



chsiincd, this deg bit Mrs. Durie through the bare hand, also 



during the same day bit a pig and a cow, andwas killed em Ibe 



fourth day without having reached convulsions. .Mrs. Durie 



escapriltludisea.se, bill the pig aud cow went mad inside of 



two weeks. The. Second Case was a Scotch terrier owned b\ 



myself. This dog was extremely good-natured for one of i,i" M 

 ressed mid tended by conipnra- 

 t with acquaintances. About, 



d he was a littl,- indisposed, 



largemcnl of tbe paroted and 



ibed to cold, and a smell eoii- 

 vnf loose and was kept with 



species, was accustomed to hi 



live strangers, and was a great 



the lOihofMiiy. 18(11, I obser 



and on faking him up I found 



subiiiaxilary glands which 1 in 



sidcrably .strong for a dog that 



tolerable care, fie always slept, in the house, and during the 



night could be often heard tracking around on flu- dining loom 



oil cloth or digging in the corners of Uu- mom. During the 



