S62 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



i i ■!.■■■■■ '"K tirsi amongst the 



i hi : i aluable tat far the j ■ : i . ■ i ..,. 



i b i !,.■■. i. ■ i lively, i foe crossiag 



upon the coarser classes of swine.- thus employod they pro- 

 duce grades with finer form and more valuable meat, with less 

 offal than is common in " native" pigs. In this respect they 

 Bare rivals of the Berkshire. As this Breed is nov 

 mil iti 'I in iiie I ailed Stales, and there are several Catfeful 

 isi'ul breeders, each of whom is egjittlly entitled to 

 Wall tneriti d i on lidei tl m from the public, and lest invidious 

 comparisons migh n ■ ,1.1 aeirii.st ihe interests of anyone of 



iderf tvi refrain from giving the Owner's name. It 



,,, ill In -'iiiiiii'iil to say that there arc several prize-winners at 

 the various fairs, -who possess animals quite equal in merit in 

 all respects lo those of the Berkshire breed. The old English 



: was originally a coarse, parti colored) al bl i ' 



Hi. ■ ' ■ -, i j an I shoulders, i pan this stock the 

 i mi Ii ily, was crossed, with the effect of 

 ga black animal, of rather slender form, of very tine 

 bone, hm oi , . ii ;i:utio:i, the last bring the result of 



- inter-breeding. 

 Nevertheless the improved breed became very popular, and 

 by further eft rtf ii which the strengthening of the constitu- 

 tion by the infusion of new blood, was made a special point, 

 ivement was rendered more valuable and satisfactory. 

 This was done so far by Lord Western. Then Mr. Fisher 

 llobbs, a tenant of Lord Western, undertook a course of im- 

 provement, with these [■:■-.:, \ \, apolitan pigs, lie soon pro- 

 duced a breed which Ire called the "Improved Essex," and 

 which, in figure and points of value, wereverynear like those 

 of the present day. These had alt the syntmetry of the Nea- 

 politan pig, with its full bone, small head and "jowl, and be- 

 sides Ihe lull shoulder, large ham, deep sides, and light offal, 

 which still distinguish it. i'i sari - ' history of the Essex, 

 as we know it, up to the year 1800. Importations of the 

 : Pi I. a tobhs b made by Samuel Thome, 

 Esq-, of the siate of New York, and in a few years the Stock 

 became well distributed in this country. WJi ere ver they have 

 been introduced, they have at once become a tavorite breed, 

 and. Lave been exceedingly hardy, especially in the Southern 

 Stales, where they relish the summer heat as well as they do 

 lie Northern winter's cold. 



They probably exceed the Berkshire's as feeders, although 

 this will scarcely be admitted by the frieudsof that breed ; rf, 

 there is any advantage in this respect, it must go to 

 the credit of the Esse:.;. They keep easily in excellent con- 

 dition—the largest weight nf the Essex which has m I at 



knowledge, namely, over 600 pounds, with a loss in dressing 

 in 8 per cent. The Essex is an excellent family pig, 

 ana a half-bred animal would doubtless be found one of tin: 

 most economical for this purpose that could be procured, it 

 mnv\, well lorcpe.c the caution against using half-breeds 



lung inflammation lias been allowed to progress unchecked, 

 I -I, i ing, which under other circumstances might have been 

 highly beneficial, would most probably prove iu tl 

 flegrei prejudicial If this be true in 'individuals. i„ i 

 it iu epidemics. It is worthy of remark that in the principal 

 epidemics which have prevailed of late years among our four- 

 footed friends a remedy which is highly beneficial ,,i ,:i,- 

 , are ito possess no efficacy at another. Eiom.the 



history of the epidemics it, appears evident that those animals 

 who are attacked by the disease when it is beginning to de- 

 cline, recover more rapidly and ia great, ■ thai 

 ■ke ' 



peari to 



I that the i 

 of i 



I'oi 

 but i 



will inlnllably follow. A thoroughbred boar, selected with 

 care, or procured from a trustworthy breeder, should invari- 

 ably be used for breeding. It is one of the unavoidable con- 

 d i, ,i i; , , , orients Of a breed by crossing or care- 

 ful selection, that care in this respect cannot be relaxed with- 

 out mischief; hi- ; ecessary division ol boi In 

 this business thai s ei men should devote themselves to 

 breeding pure stock for the use of the public, who will riud 

 that they cannot profitably compete in this respect with those 

 who have made a study and profession of it. The mention of 

 a black, breed Of pigs is unite sure to call out numerous in- 



ii, ; - ■ I- ,i-i by Hieing that Ihesc and oilier 



Li , _■- , teir "beauty" less ihau "shin deep," and 



i ii . i. ", are dressed their skin is as white and hand- 



t Fn 



•n, Ju 



15, 1877. 



Osoab Srri'/.EK. 



immh 



CANINE PATHOLOGY AND THERA 

 PEUTICS.-No. 3. 



BT ARCHER.. 



THE dose of any given medicine, particularly of narcotics 

 and purgatives, should be regulated rather in accord- 

 ance with the effect it produces in each individual case than 

 from published or written directions on the subject ; not that 

 to be disregarded, but they should be looked upon 

 rather as guides lo I he dose gi aeraliy requiredthau as applica- 

 ble io every instance. It is impossible m many instances to 

 lay down positive rules as to the quantity of a certain medicine 

 , , i i orbited The tolerance of mercury, for instance, varies 

 much in different animals without any peculiar idiosyncraoy 

 existing with respect to it; and a dose which will act beneficially 

 e will be productive of great gastric irritation, etc., 

 in another, and perhaps salivation. 



administered, and Cor a time the sufferer improves rapidly; the 

 appetite increases, and the constitution gains tone and vigor. 

 Suddenly, however, from no apparent cause, the reparative 

 uses, and the animal, perhaps, retrogrades. Such is 

 a, frequent experience when using preparations containing 

 iodine, mercury and arsenic. Under such cu'eumstances the 

 dose requires lo In' : , a 1 1 ■, ' ■■ - ed, or, what is still better, 

 the remedy should he discontinued for a few days, when it 

 may be resumed with the original benefil 



The, character, period and form of disease influence the 



,i ,i :i eery great degree, and the person 



, a disease according to its Dame, without considering 

 i,. iduaJ -.-,'e ai 'i, ii ' ' 8 Of e;','l , , ■ ■-. I ■ i, rates up for 

 hi, , , i will find bis measures prejudicially violent or per- 

 feeiK inoperative. We know that blood lei ing, asageneral 

 ruleTisa icuiedv for inflammation ; but the man who, on the 

 i, ihe fact that he leas an inflammation lo treat, in- 

 discriminate! v employs this evacuant without, taking into ac- 

 1 the concomitant circumstti -press it iu 



the mildest manner, guilty of great mdiBcrotioii. Take for 

 instance distemper, which is Benl an irritation of the 

 brain and spinal marrow, and is often fatal El m 



i iutlainmation of the lungs. If for several days the 



or while it t 

 iolence of the di 

 :m; however thi 



.'.• proved nti.crlv 



ict or its 



If this b 

 nt the cor 



of controlling the i 



so— and the hist< 

 .'ctnessofihe staten 

 lemic exercises a r. 



icines, the poin 

 individual dise 



it is evident that the period c 

 ful influence on the action of met 

 my object here to illustrate. In 

 fluence is often very marked; 

 quently met with : blisters, for example, are mos 

 hi the acute inflammation of distemper after ihe 

 the symptoms has been subdued by other remi 

 Opium, in the same disease, is especially useful 

 after depletion! Another remark before passing 

 sideration of other points may not be amiss: Do 

 unconditionally the advice of men " acrjssthe Wat 

 ing your dogs: and to these gentlemen 1 would 



,i 'I' i' 1 :l g .Ail 



vhich it is 

 this in- 

 ■ a Pre 



generally 



the con- 

 st accept 



regai,!- 

 gL'est the 

 ment ad- 



bloodletti 

 when the 



ndu 



mitted to be beneficial in Europe does not apply, 



al when imported. Many canine diseases iu which 

 g is the sheet anchor, producing the happiest results 

 ininial is in England, admit of no such treal nenl 

 ifered to the Kew World, resulting disastrously; 

 •fa ; and the same may be said of the different 

 sections of this continent. 



Certain morbid conditions of the body, or the intensity of 

 the disease, must, of necessity greatly modify the actions of 

 the remedy. Illustrations of this are constantly met with. It 

 is well-known, for instance, that in severe spasmodic affec- 

 tions, large and repeated doses of opiuni are borne without a 

 single ill consequence: doses which, if administered under 

 ordinary circumstances, or in milder cases, would almost 

 prove fatal. 



A deranged condition of any of the principal functions of 

 the body modifies and interferes with the operation of medi- 

 cines. This is peculiarly observable iu the digestive organs ; 

 when these are the seat of functional derangement or organic 

 lesion, medicines whose operations on the canine economy is 

 is mild and beneficial other Aise maybe rendered either pre- 

 judicially irritant or perfectly inert. Under these circum- 

 stances digitalis and nitre may cease l,o act as diuretics, and 

 tonics, instead of imparting tone and vigor, are converted into 



The influence of diet on thc-actisnof medicines is ■,-, 

 siderable, and he who contents himself with merely ordering 

 certain medicines, aud who doe.s not at the same 'time regu- 

 late the animal's diet, neglects to avail himself of a valuahl 



of at 

 all the 



ed to 



auxiliary, aud may be allowing the pr 



Which in all probability will countc 



might, otherwise be reasonably expei 



prescriptions. How, for instance, cat 



benefit from anti-phlogistic* niedicin 



mal diet is simultaneously pursued ? f 



at the failure of a course" of tonics, if 



anti-phlogistic diet be followed? A sti 



iutei feres with the action of mercurials, whili 



the iodides are rendered almost inert by being conjoined will 



antagonist, 

 benefil, thai 

 It frOln his 

 ably expect 

 isa'fullnui- 

 be surprised 



lant diet notoriously 



a diet of which 

 part. The diet si 

 promote, as far ; 

 which are being 

 that, thkrul 



Light, air and e: 

 more than is gener: 

 the action of ton 

 iodine ; 



degree 

 dtgestiv 



the 



:es form a large 

 ■gulated so as to 

 :if the medicines 

 I it mutt be seen 



deed, taken aloi 

 invigorate the 



Cot 



might othcrw 

 i, - thai ''el 



to the 

 The 



• that your tlogs 



"''W 



influence the action of medicines 

 ved. They very sensibly promote 



alteratives, particularly iron aud 

 e, they tend in no inconsiderable 

 constitution, to give lone to the 

 us system. For this 

 lean, light aud airy 

 dark, ill Ventilated apari- 



nteraets any lieucficid iuflu 



3 be derived from ton 



uliucss is next to i 

 as man, and eontribi 

 and health of tie 



Mo 



illii 



which 

 applied* 



its 



edict 

 jratic 



a speedy effect, the liquid for 

 sides being the most easily ad 

 quinine ia rendered not only in 

 if administered in solution thai 



Wi 



litre- 



same remark applies to e 

 Tannin, when intended t 

 Suitably exhibited in the fi 

 to enter the circulation, C 

 mach on some in 

 should be employed Dig 



irphi 



m Liu 



ad to 



5 the 



stered influences, ii 

 is desired to product 

 rally preferable, be 

 ; thus the action ol 

 , but more effectual 



in substance. Th. 

 aost of the alkaloids 



lachc 



oE a pill ; but if it be designed 

 o act quickly at a ili 

 al part, the form of a solution 

 is, when given in the form of 



i the hear 



irculatory 



lt sedat: 

 system ; if given iu infusion it acts as a diuretic. Decoction 



is inadmissible as a form for exhibiting ipc n ■,. an. 



and some other medicines, their active properties being dis- 

 sippated by boiling. There are, however, several medicines, 

 which, from their insolubility, cannot be given iu the liquid 

 form— calomel and Quevecn's iron for example— these are 

 necessarily given either in the form of a pill or powder, in 

 using tlie'pillular, we may, in the majority of eases, advau- 

 add cas'lile soup t.o the mass, as it tends materially 



tad are continued daily for any lengl 

 aperient should occasionally be given to obviate their acc.umu- 



i m :i ie the intestines. 



Thedog is endowed with such a tine sense of taste aud 

 smell that he dies uot wiifiuly take medicinal substances, 

 though many may be made agreeable and administered with 



meatorsugar. Pills may be I ■- ■ at the top of around 



piece of wood, or a quill, and thus inserted deeply into the 



* Anti-palDgLstlc. a lerm applied (o tliose means wt ieli uaui l.u reduce 

 inflammation". Hleeiling,puryiii ri «i w\v iliet lonii au m - 



puriant part in antl-plUogUtic trea 



mouth. Liquids art ,,, :lTt , ^;\\ 



'■•:' raising the rn.-r ,| , ■ : ,,,i ,, 



IWUl Of one I ,:,. , ; ' "ir.h. anil.lrawina'itupand 

 i that a kind oi e 



Jtf Illil! \plliri|l Tiri!) I li.n.. r..^ I ,!■■ . I . ., 1. ■.!__ - _. x'~ . . 



rid 



thetc 



which will thi 



, the openings bi 

 - ■quire- any particular pr 

 ■ to swallow the liquid I b 

 ^ ay - Above all things the purity of the medicine employed 

 [age our carries' attention, otherwise the beat elf oris 

 may prove not only unavailing, but perhaps injurious. In 



a-kuiuisici-Liej : ■;< , ,|, : ■ I rlhat more can he accom- 



plished by gaiiiing ihe coriliileuce of the animal and 



Y force, beatings, cursings, etc. Firmness and 



■ ll " 1 ' 1 "' i 'I'M il, i ; i i, ■ ii-Mreful avoidance of pain. 

 When once over with the administration, a few pan aud a 

 kind word will be sufficient, and if care is used the animal 

 wall soon look upon his physic as a matter of course. I have 

 seen dogs that would take anything at command, because they 

 kuew no harm was intended, 



Fur Furfxt am! Stream. 

 THE RUSSIAN SETTER. 



\A/" E c ' aml " 1 Subscribe tothe remark of " Amicus Yerilatis, " 

 W iuhis letter published in your last issue, in reply to 

 "Amicus Canium, " viz., "The writer, A. ("!., eu I 

 well up iuhis subject, and handled it, with bntelli unce 

 We assert that direclly the reverse is (be fact, as evinced in 

 the following tak( -'n from A.. C's learned article in review of 

 dogs at the Bench Show ; 



"There was a dog entered in the miscellaneous class as a 

 ' cross between a St. Bernard and Bussiau setter. ' This pro- 

 vokes the question, what is a Russian setter? 

 well-known Class Of setters, of headstrong dispositions that 

 will repeatedly rush in Upon the game at the sound of the gun, 

 if not before; wide ranging rabbit-chssers that are almost un- 

 controllable, and these might ba appropriatelj te med nushCng 

 setters, but there is no recognized bo ■•' ■! i-n as ;" >, ', 

 Russia." 



None but a novice or tyro could give public, vent to such 

 lamentable ignorance as the above sentence exhibits in canine 

 knowledge. Why, A. G. either has not road Henry Wm. Her- 

 bert's " Young Sportsman's Manual, ' commencing actually 

 lib initio, or else he puts himself forward as a teacher tl Her- 

 bert, and us of his day and school. As that noble and ex- 

 pert spoilsman puts on record these facts, viz. : 



"The only remaining pure variety of setter to be noticed is 

 the Russian, which is rarely or never met, with in this country. 

 It is nn admirable creature, docile, good and gentle to a charm. 

 Enduring, bej/otld &nj other race, '" cold and wet, and daunt- 

 less beyond any other in covert, but more susceptible of heat 

 aud thirst than the others of his race. 



•' lie is, I think, rather taller than the English or Irish dog, 

 muscular aud bony, his head is shorter and rounder than that 

 of this family, and, like the rest of his body, is 80 completely 

 covered with long, woolly, matted locks, tangled and curly, 

 like those of the water poodle, only ten tunes more so, that he 

 can hardly see out of his eyes. 



" His color is black, black and white, or pale lemon and 

 while. 1 have never seen a, pure one, though f once owned a 



half-breed— a most superior animal— in America, nor are they 

 common or easily attainable iu England. 



" I learned to shoot over one in England, which 1 ,i | 

 mitted to take out alone, because it was well known that 

 iteury could not spoil Charon, and almost everything that I 

 know of shooting that old Russian taught me. ' ' 



The full of 1850 the writer had the pleasure of shooting over 

 two good Russian setters --which, for si/.e, might have passed 

 for Newfoundlands— -with very long, shaggy hair about the 

 head aud lace, as curly as a spaniel's. They were a deep rich 

 rhite markings about the neck and chest, 

 inches at the shoulder. They were pre- 

 ii. of Ohio, by some English gentlemen at 

 the end of their spoiling tour. They were of untiring n 

 I-., ii.;.' styli and I a-ii 111 action, good nose, staunch upon 

 game", and crouched instead of pointed the birds, and were 



Mr. I 'has. II. lliukle, of the American Ai/rmilturixt, has a 

 half-bred one now I hat is as good on snipe and other game 

 as any dog that can be named There are many othei 



i i, , -,",:■ - i ',:i- mdants bf Russian stock, as i 

 pedigrees traced in the stud book and list, published, also in 

 1 1 " ■ ,,-.'. n tobi given i" i ie- !-,'">, ting public. 



As to "A ii- n- en. n si , "assertion, "but there is no recog- 

 nized breed of Betters- peculiar t" i;u-sij." we would -assure 

 him and our sporting brotherhood that the setter strain of 

 llussia has been bred and kept strictly pure for the past century, 

 and as a proof of this fad , we will cite the following from the 

 works of an old and Badly lamented friend. Henry William 

 Herbert, viz.: "Russian sellers have what is called more 



ooitit. They crouch lower, and steal in more silently on their 



game than any othei dog, consequently they are the best in 



the world Over which to 'shoot game when it ia wild." "Old 

 Boney," the half-breed mentioned abr.ee, 

 way. 'as also did those we shot Overin the fields of Ohio in the 

 iiii'i 1856, If these dogs are not true bred, how is jl thi | 



all crouch instead of point"? We have written the ah, >ve with- 

 out any invidious or carping spirit, but in Ihe defense . < if a 

 most valuable strain of sporting field dogs, and in the interest 

 of a true understanding and proper knowledge of a bl 

 worthy of the most serious consideration, as a cross on many 

 of the gun -shy and timid brutes emanating nowaday 

 close iii-aud-i'll breeding to dogs of a certain strain already 



: ii you want size, courage and do 



by all means with the Russian. Oakonii its. 



Orange color 



with v 



and stood al 



nit 89 



sen ted to Mi 



MeLn 



A VISIT TO SNIPER. 



HONEST ISAAC WALTON once Deserved thai 

 was like poetry— a man must he horn to it. The ' 



remark may be applied to dog breaking, Which WI b I 

 a natural gift vouchsafed 10 very few men. In the multitude 

 of sportsmen We have shot with iu the last lilty years we have 

 met with many wdio handled trained dogs iu the fie] I 

 mirably, but in all the number we have uot seen half a dozen 



]. LI 'tain tlogs to perfection: but among these is our 



, -nt "Sniper," of Newark, N.J, 

 Some weeks since we went over to Newark on Sniper's in- 

 vitation, and passed it most charming evening in his company 



