CONTENTS. 



Chapter I.— INTRODUCTORY. 



Paok 

 Subject of this work — Geological structure of Sub-Himalayan zone simple com- 

 pared with that of Himalayan, and treated separately — Previous writers- 

 New features in this work due to better maps — Popular misconceptions as to 

 the upheaval of the Himalaya ......... i 



Chapter II.— SCENERY AND SUPERFICIAL ASPECTS OF 

 THE COUNTRY; ITS FLORA AND FAUNA. 



Definition of the Sub-Himalayan zone— Its magnificent forest scenery compared 

 with the higher Himalaya — Climate — Government forests — The Sal tree — 

 The Sissoo and the Khair — The Bamboo— Other useful woods — Rivers — 

 Fauna — Malaria 7 



Chapter III.-PETROLOGY. 



Classification and scope— Recent formations — No glacial beds — Siwalik conglo- 

 merate — Sand-rock stage— Nahan sandstone — Whole of Siwalik series — 

 Sirmur series : Nummulitic stage . . . . . . . .18 



Chapter IV.— DISTRIBUTION AND STRATIGRAPHY. 



The Kotah dun — Country between Kotah and Patli duns — Patli dun— The Kotri 

 and Cbokhamb duns— Country between Kotdwara and the Mitawala (Mithi) 

 sot — Chandi hills and country west of the Mitawala sot — Country between the 

 Kotah dun and the western frontier of Nepal ...... 30 



Chapter V.-GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 



Unity of work with that of Mr. Medlicott — Possible slight discrepancy — Source of 

 material of Sub-Himalayan rocks--Conditions under which they were deposit- 

 ed — "A well-defined petrographical whole of some order" — Absence of 

 metamorphism — No evidence of glacial conditions — General considerations 

 depending on distribution and disturbance of the strata — Structure imbriquee 

 (ecaileuse) — Interpretation of the above structure — Each reversed fault repre- 

 sents an ancient shore-line or mountain-foot, i.e., a limit of deposition — North- 

 ern limit of the Siwalik conglomerate — The main boundary — Limits of the 

 nummulitic zone — Physical aspect of the present mountain-foot — Contrast of 

 the south face of the Himalaya with the eastern aspect of England — Nature 

 of the unconformability between the Siwalik conglomerate and the Nahans, 

 south of the Sanguri sot — The disturbance of the Sub-Himalayan rocks not 

 representative of that of the older rocks— Other Himalayan problems . . 109 



Chapter VI.— GENERAL CONSIDER ATlONS-continued. 



Abstract theories of mountain-making — Consideration of Mr. Mellard Reade's 



theory— The Revd. O. Fisher's " Physics of the earth's crust" . . .129 



