MEMOIRS 



OF 



THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA. 



Physical Geology of the Sub-Himalaya of GarhwAl and 

 KUMAUN, by C. S. MlDDLEMiSS, B.A. (Cantab.), Geological Sur- 

 vey °f India. 



CHAPTER I. 

 Introductory. 



The subject of this memoir is one which has already been treated 



of many years ago by Mr. Medlicott (late 

 Subject of this work. J J fo J 



Director of the Geological Survey of India), in 



his description of the country between the Ganges and the Ravee. 1 

 The present work will have answered all anticipations if it come to 

 be regarded as a continuation, along the mountain-foot of British 

 Garhwal and Kumaun, of Mr. Medlicott's labours further north- 

 west. 



During the four and a half working seasons which I have spent in 



Geological structure the Himalaya, l hav ^ gradually been led to the 



of Sub-Himalayan zone conclusion that the great break between what is 



simple compared with 



that of Himalayan, and known as the Sub-Himalayan system, and the 



separaey. crystalline and metamorphic groups, is one 



which makes it eminently advisable to treat the two separately, in 



any finished written account of them. It has also become plain that 



if close work on the one-inch scale is to be done over the vast 



regions embraced by the outer and central Himalaya ; and if that 



1 Mem. Ill, G. S. I. 



( 59 ) 



Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, XXIV, Pt. 2. 



