THE KOTAH DUN. 37 



These form a wide river-bed and show to the south dips of 5 S. S. W. 

 and dips of 5° and 8° N. N. E. further north, 



Dhauntia sot, Karkat ,, , . a , ,. ,. , . ., . 



N. and Kali gadh that is to say, a flat anticlinal is cut through. 



(stream between Pawal- The northerly dip is coincident with the in- 

 garh and Belparao). (5) J " 



baying of the alluvium of the plains along the 



bed of the Dabka, which takes a wide turn to the west in this place. 



To the west of the Karkdt N. there are left two islands of the 



Siwalik conglomerate ; the near one of which is a flat anticlinal, with 



axis W.N.W. to E.S.E., and with steep dips on the south side 



close to the plains, and low dips on the north insensibly taking the 



conglomerate underneath the E.-W. reach of the Dabka N. 



From Pawalgarh (6) in a northerly direction, a continuous set of 



cliffs is exposed, showing the conglomerate 

 Dabka N. r & 5 



scarcely consolidated, first with a slight dip 



towards the south as it recovers from the similarly slight dip to the 

 north in the KarkcLt N. This quickly changes to horizontality, which 

 is retained for about a mile, when another steady N.N.E. dip of 3 

 gradually begins and accumulates to as much as 7 at the point where 

 the real dun is reached, north-east of the Kailkhur (Kailakhoor) (7) 

 hilly mass. The river-bed suddenly widens out here, and horizontal 

 beds of conglomerate and more or less coherent gravels continue 

 across the level expanse of the dun. It is therefore evident that the 

 dun strata are but a portion of a wide, flat synclinal ; whilst those 

 exposed in the lower portion of the Dabka, where the low range of 

 hills is cut through, are a portion of a wide, flat anticlinal. As the 

 latter is traced further north-west to the Khichri N. (Kichulee N.) we 

 shall see it increasing in steepness as the hills increase in size. At 

 the same time more strata are brought into view, and we have an 

 accumulated thickness of conglomerates and clays of sufficient magni- 

 tude and disturbance to completely negative the idea that they can 

 belong to anything but the normal Upper Siwalik stage. 



On the north side of the Kotah dun, just where the Dabka N. 

 emerges from the higher Nahan sandstone hills, there is a curious 

 sharp monoclinal flexure in the conglomerate beds which takes them 



( 95 ) 



