COUNTRY BETWEEN THE KOTAH AND PATLI DUNS. 49 



Okaldhunga (22), whence it runs across the ridge in continuation of 



that north of the Kotah dun. 



The watershed of these four streams, and of other smaller ones 



in the vicinity, is the ridge of Siwalik conglo- 

 Ratapani, Bijrani, J) f 5 



Garjia and Sawaldeh merate which I have mentioned as lying south 

 of the Dhangari and Sanguri sots. Over much 

 of its length it has a steady N. by E. dip of about 20 . The southern 

 aspect of this ridge is naturally a steep scarp as a rule, the conglo- 

 merate standing out very prominently in various tinted brick and ochre 

 colours. The base of this scarp coincides with the base of the conglo- 

 merate, the sand-rock occupying all the country to the south of 

 this down to the plains. These strata are well developed here, and 

 show their many peculiarities and characteristics in a striking way. 

 Having already embodied all the petrological detail concerning them 

 in Chapter III, I shall not re-describe them here from that point of view, 

 Just as takes place in the Chorpdni sot, the Siwalik conglomerate 

 gradually merges into the underlying sand-rock by interbedding ; the 

 pebbly layers become thinner and scarcer, whilst the sand-rock 

 increases in an inverse ratio. We have thus a complete unanimity 

 of strike and dip, with complete proof of conformity in sequence 

 between the Upper and Middle stages of the Siwalik series. 



The low country into which we have now entered at the base 

 of the conglomerate scarps is one of glistening sand hillocks : no- 

 where does it rise to any great height, and the banks of the streams, 

 when they have water in them, are generally steep little cliffs, in which 

 the various beds of sand and clay stand out well defined in their 

 brilliant yellow colours. The knolls and small ravines and flat 

 chaors are covered with more or less dense timber, but generally 

 small in size. It is a habitat loved by the chital or spotted deer, and 

 it is also a favourite retreat of tigers and wild elephants. Towards 

 the plains there is a gentle rise in the height of the country, owing 

 to a greater degree of hardness in the lower beds of the sand- 

 rock stage. The various dips, as seen in the stream-beds which 

 wander through this part, give an average of from io c to 20 

 N.N.E. Down the lower reach of the Sawaldeh Rau it becomes 

 D ( 107 ) 



