58 MIDDLBMISS: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF SUB-HIMALAYA. 



recognition of its truth. With this passage a greater disturbance of the 

 beds ensues ; they are inclined at higher angles, and their harder nature 

 makes them stand out into more prominent hills than heretofore. But, 

 besides this introduction of Nahans at the south edge of the section, 

 we have a corresponding introduction of more of the sand-rock stage, 

 in a synclinal with faulting, among what has hitherto remained a 

 Nahan zone, to the north of the Patli dun. In the Pelani R. this fresh 

 appearance of them is well displayed, and will be described present- 

 ly. We have thus an ever-increasing complexity in the strata as 

 we travel westward along the Sub-Himalayan region. In place of the 

 two zones at the east end of the Kotah dun, and the three in the Kosi 

 R., we have now six zones arranged in the following order : — 



N. 

 Nahan. 



Sand-rock. 

 Nahan. 



Siwalik conglomerate, 

 Sand-rock. 

 Nahan. 

 S. 



These six stratigraphical zones may be grouped into three disturb- 

 ance zones, as indicated by the dotted lines, which represent fold 

 faults. 



But not even here does the complexity end ; for, if we cross the 

 main boundary fault, we find the flexures into which the Himalayan 

 rocks have been thrown involving with them representatives of the 

 lowest Tertiary, namely, the nummulitics, and also of mesozoic strata 

 in long narrow outcrops. At the conclusion, therefore, of the descrip- 

 tion of the Patli dun I shall give a particular account of the section 

 along the Pelani R. and the lower part of the Ramganga ; in order 

 to illustrate, by means of the very clear natural section there exposed 

 (see section VI), the relations of the Sub-Himalayan zones among 

 themselves, also their relation to the nummulitic and mesozoic 

 zones, and finally the relations of all the foregoing to the older Hima- 



( n6 ) 



