THE PATLI DUN. 6l 



direction of dip in the Pathair pdni and its numerous tributaries. In 

 the Ra*mganga, however, the sand-rock evinces a certain amount of 

 yielding to the new direction of strike, its strike becoming east and 

 west, and the dip directly towards the north. The consequence of 

 the Siwalik conglomerate not having shared in the change of strike 

 which is so manifest in the Nahans, is that the former become nipped 

 out by degrees (with accompanying faulting) in a westerly direction 

 against the latter. Along with the nipping out of the conglomerate 

 ensues the extinction of the dun in the same direction. 



The features of the Pitli dun, therefore, as were those of the 

 Kotah dun, are directly dependent on the mode of disturbance of the 

 strata. Its wide level expanse is a result of the low dip of the Siwa- 

 lik conglomerate, of its regularity, and of its freedom from folds and 

 flexures. Its abrupt termination on the north, and its westward ex- 

 tinction, are in like manner but the expression on the surface of the 

 earth of disturbances in the crust. Thus, although we are entering 

 on a more complicated arrangement of the strata as we travel west, 

 it is still as true as ever that the youngest rocks show their internal 

 character in a marked way by the tenor of their outward features. 



I now turn to the Ra'mganga in its lower reaches, and the Pelelni 

 R. These two form one continuous section 



The lower reaches of 

 the Ramganga and the across the Sub-Himalayan region (see section 

 Pelani (Palaine) R. _ D , . . 



VI). 1 he Kamganga, where it issues on to the 

 plains, partakes of the nature of a deep gorge with very steep sand- 

 stone cliffs on the east bank. For about i£ miles this gorge is near- 

 ly north and south, and is the outward sign of the greater hardness 

 of the Nahan sandstone through which the river is cutting its way 

 (for, as already mentioned, the Nahans have now appeared conform- 

 ably underneath the sand-rock stage at the plainward edge of the 

 hills). No one gazing up-stream between the portals of dark sand- 

 stone would ever guess that in the course of a few miles the banks 

 would flatten out and the river-bed widen into the picturesque upland 

 valley of the dun. The river here, in cutting through this plainward 

 hardened band, has had to cut straight and with set purpose. The 



( "9 ) 



