74 MIDDLEMISS: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF SUB-HIMALAYA. 



are perfectly vertical. Up the Jhar (Th61) gcidh, however, we notice, 

 after nearly a quarter of a mile of vertical breccia, a gradual lowering 

 of the dip to 25 , and the in-coming apparently superposed on them 

 of slightly schistose slates, which merge into definite schists, dipping 

 at various angles N.N.E. 



It will be seen from this description that there is a complete 

 absence of reliable superposition between many of these strata. 

 Their dips are nearly vertical, and their planes of junction often so 

 obscured as to be unrecognisable as faults or unconformabilities, 

 from a purely local examination. The slight tendency of all the 

 members of the series to underlie towards the north at first pre-dis- 

 poses the stranger to regard them as a real ascending series from the 

 main boundary to the schists. The first step therefore in getting a 

 right understanding of their real position is to dismiss this false 

 impression. 



That the nummulitics cannot be a calcareous portion of the purple 

 slate series is sufficiently shown, I think, by analogy in the first place. 

 In numerous other sections, as the map with my aforementioned paper 

 will show, the nummulitics are dipping down against the schistose 

 series direct, and are separated from the purple slates by a very 

 great thickness of Til and massive limestone. They are thus out of 

 all relation with the purple slates and breccia, in a part of the country 

 where the rocks are less disturbed than in the Pelcini. But the most 

 convincing argument is one deduced from the general lie of these 

 rocks over the large area through which they have been traced. 

 Everywhere along the southern face of the outer Himalaya, both as 

 mapped by myself in Garhwcil, by Mr. Medlicott in the Simla area, 

 and by other workers, the nummulitics present but the aspect of a 

 thin band or two of fossiliferous calcareous rocks enfolded with, or 

 faulted against, slates or schists. Now the metamorphism which has 

 affected those slates and schists, on the above supposition that the 

 nummulitics are one with the slates and schists, obliterating their 

 primitive structure, and developing in them schistosity, hardening 

 them and sometimes cleaving them, has certainly destroyed all traces 

 ( 132 ) 



