y6 MIDDLEM1SS: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF SUB-HIMALAYA. 



the results of observations made further west in Garhwal, where, as 

 already stated, clearer sections show them to be in that position. 



Having disposed of the principal difficulty by the interposition of 

 a fault, we observe that between it and the main boundary there is 

 merely a regular descending series, perfectly intelligible by itself, 

 and needing no faults to explain it, except a slight cross-fault along 

 the Pelcini, which is of small structural importance. Thus, the mas- 

 sive limestone, the Tdl, and the nummulitics form one block of form- 

 ations, homogeneous from a structural point of view, and in their 

 normal order ; though there is most probably slight unconformability 

 between certain of them. Throughout a very large area, indeed, the 

 same three formations ever present the appearance of a regular 

 sequence, their order always being the same. No fold-faults have 

 ever been detected which would bring a younger one of these three 

 formations in a position of dipping down against an older. 



The remaining point to be considered is whether the schists in 

 the Jhar gcidh, and which occupy much of the higher ground to the 

 north of that position, are really younger than the volcanic breccia 

 and purple slate, above which they appear to lie ; or whether here 

 also is indicated a reversed fault. There is very little doubt that the 

 latter is the correct supposition, and that the schists are really the 

 oldest formation exposed in the section. In other parts of Garhwal, 

 the purple slates and breccia, about whose striking identity there 

 can be no doubt, are seen to normally underlie the massive limestone 

 and the Til beds in a series of symmetrical flexures without the 

 interposition of the schists, which on the other hand lie in a higher 

 central zone by themselves. By a similar reasoning to that advanc- 

 ed for the reversed fault between the nummulitics and the purple 

 slate, we may therefore point with practical certainty to a reversed 

 fault between the schists and the volcanic breccia. 



We have now gone over the section in the Pelcini step by step, 

 perhaps more in illustration than in proof of the relations of the Sub- 

 Himalayan system to the Himalayan groups. In this brief glimpse 

 of the older rocks one cannot help assuming a good deal that it will 



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