THE PATLI DtJN. 77 



be my duty, I hope, later, to prove in a separate work ; still I have 

 endeavoured to make this section as complete in itself as possible, so 

 that we may now note those few general laws that seem to hold with 

 so steadfast a pertinacity in all the relations of the Sub-Himalayan 

 zones among themselves and with respect to the Himalayan zones, and 

 of which laws the Pelani R. offers so brilliant and striking a resume. 



In the first place, we cannot fail to be impressed by the aspect 

 along this section of intense lateral crushing, no matter at present 

 how or when originated. If the strata in the section, which is 19 

 miles long, were flattened out, so that the folds were annihilated and 

 the faults allowed for, the section would be about 8 miles longer than 

 before. In other words, since the beginning of these rocks, this 

 portion of the earth's crust has been so compressed laterally as to 

 take up at greatest only -f^ths of its former space. Perhaps the 

 amount would be less than this could we but follow out the folds of 

 the older rocks southwards beneath the Tertiary zone. 



Secondly, the plications are sharper and more numerous in the 

 older zones, and longer, more undulating, and less closely packed 

 together in the younger. 



Thirdly, reversed faults are common and normal faults scarce, 

 and the former always hade N.N.E., or thereabouts, and are parallel 

 to the strike of the rocks. These reversed faults are full of deep 

 significance ; they represent inversed middle limbs of sigma-flexures, 

 often of great size, which have become reduced by traction and tear- 

 ing to an apparently clean-cut fracture ; and by their means we can 

 mark out the section into disturbance blocks, or bands. Numbering 

 the stratigraphical zones in order from the oldest upwards, and group- 

 ing them into disturbance bands as marked off by the dotted lines, we 

 have as below : — 



N.N.E. 



Schistose group (1). 



Slate and breccia series (2) and (3). 



Nummulitics (6). 

 T41 (5). 



( 135 ) 



